| A | B |
|---|
| Thoracic | region of the vertebral colum that contains the largest number of bones |
| Hip bones | Ilium, Ischium, Pubis |
| Arm bones | Humerus, Radius, Ulna |
| Femur | Longest bone of the body |
| Clavicle | Most commonly broken bone |
| Cervical # of bones | 7 |
| Thoracic # of bones | 12 |
| Lumbar # of bones | 5 |
| Osteoblasts | bone-building cells |
| Osteoclasts | cells that breakdown bones |
| Chondrocytes | cartilage cells |
| Origin | attachment to the stationary bone |
| Insertion | attachment to the more movable bone |
| Sliding Filament Theory | explains how filaments within the sarcomere slide past each other to create a change in muscle length |
| Thin myofilament | actin |
| Thick myofilament | myosin |
| Tendon | cord-like structure that attaches muscle to bone |
| Ligament | cord-like structure that attaches bone to bone |
| Energy | released in the form of ATP when the muscle works |
| Antagonists | muscles that work against each other |
| Synergists | muscles that work together |
| Prime mover | main muscle in a group |
| Isometric | muscle contraction in which the muscle length remains the same while the tension increases |
| Isotonic | muscle contraction that occurs when the muscle shortens and lengthens |
| Motor unit | the muscel cell and the neuron working together |
| Z line | separates each sarcomere |
| Autonomic nervous system | subdivision of the nervous system |
| Axon | carries impulses away from the cell body |
| Dendrite | carry impulses toward the cell body |
| Sensory neurons | Afferent neurons |
| Motor neurons | Efferent neurons |
| Interneurons | connect afferent to efferent |
| Oligodendrocytes | produce myelin for cells in the brain |
| Microglia | perform phagocytosis on inflamed brain tissue |
| Astrocytes | star shaped, connect blood vessels to neurons |
| Cerebellum | responsible for muscle movements and maintaining balance |
| Synapse | microscopic space between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of another |
| Parasympathetic nervous system | most active under calm conditions |
| Central nervous system | brain and spinal cord |
| Peripheral nervous system | nerves |
| Fight-or-Flight | Sympathetic nervous system |
| Neurotransmitters | chemical messengers involved in nerve impulse transmission |
| Motor nerves | move muscles of the body |
| Cerebrum | largest portion of the brain |
| Cranial nerves # of them | 12 |
| Spinal nerves # of them | 31 |
| Protect the brain | Skull, meninges, and CSF fluid |
| Ventricles | CSF fluid is formed here |
| Frontal lobe | controls language comprehension |
| Occipital lobe | controls vision |
| Limbic lobe | controls emotions |
| Thalamus | acts as a relay station for incoming and outgoing messages |
| Spinal plexus | moves shoulder, wrist and hand |
