| A | B |
|---|
| Macromolecule | Large molecules |
| Inorganic | Does NOT contain carbon. Examples: water, minerals |
| Solvent | Dissolves (solutes or particles) into solution. Water is considered to be the universal one due to water's polarity. |
| Polarity | Having negatively and positively charged regions. Causes all of water's special properties. |
| Surface tension | Thin film on top of water that allows small objects to walk (insects) or rest (leaves) on it |
| Respiration | Carbohydrates are USED in this process |
| Photosynthesis | Carbohydrates (sugars) and oxygen are MADE in this process. Needs light, water, and carbon dioxide. Occurs in the chloroplast. |
| Ribose | Sugar (carbohydrate) found in RNA. Part of a nucleotide |
| Amino acids | Building blocks of proteins. Combine to form proteins. |
| Cell membranes | Barriers that protect cells by regulating what comes in or out of the cell. Made mostly of lipids and carbohydrate chains |
| Organic | Contains carbon, such as carbohydrates, lipid, proteins, nucleic acids, vitamins |
| Ribosomes | Site of protein synthesis (proteins are made) |
| Enzymes | Protein that speeds up chemical processes. Without these, many processes would not take place. Examples: amylase, lactase |
| Vitamins | Organic molecules needed in small amounts for a variety of functions |
| Minerals | Inorganic substance necessary for many cell processes/functions. We cannot make them in our bodies--we must taken them in by eating foods with them. |
| Guanine | Nitrogen base that pairs with cytosine in RNA and DNA. Part of a nucleotide. |
| Adenine | Nitrogen base that pairs with uracil in RNA and thymine in DNA. Part of a nucleotide. |
| Nucleus | Chromosomes (which have the DNA) are located in these. Controls everything in the cell. |
| Iron | Mineral that is found in a hemoglobin molecule (in red blood cells) that helps to carry oxygen |
| Nucleotides | Building block of nucleic acids (DNA or RNA). Includes sugar, phosphate (compound), and a nitrogen base. DNA: A w/T, G w/C....RNA: A w/U, G w/C |
| Uracil | Nitrogen base found in RNA only. Pairs with adenine. Part of a nucleotide. |
| Calcium | Mineral for bone formation. |
| Double helix | DNA's shape, like a spiral staircase |
| RNA | Ribonucleic acid. Organic molecule. Nucleic acid made of nucleotides (A, U, G, C) that helps to make proteins by leaving the nucleus and going to the cytoplasm and ribosome. |
| Proteins | Organic molecules with C, H, O, N. Made of amino acids. Made in the ribosome. Enzymes are a type of this. |
| Single stranded | Shape of RNA. |
| DNA Replication | DNA makes copies of itself. Acts as a template, using A-T and G-C pairings. Needs enzymes. 2 strands are made. |
| Thymine | Nitrogen base that pairs with adenine in RNA. NOT found in RNA. Part of a nucleotide. |
| Cytosine | Nitrogen base that pairs with guanine in RNA and DNA. Part of a nucleotide. |
| Deoxyribose | Sugar (carbohydrate) found in DNA. Part of a nucleotide. |
| DNA | Deoxyribonucleic acid. Type of nucleic acid that is found in chromosomes which are located in the nucleus. Can NOT leave the nucleus. Stores genetic information. Directs cell activities. |
| Chromosomes | Where DNA is located. They are found in the nucleus. |
| Nucleic acids | Long organic molecules that have the information necessary for cells to carry out all functions. Functions: store genetic information and directs protein formation. Building blocks are nucleotides. |
| Vitamin D | Vitamin for bone growth/strength |
| Vitamin C | Vitamin for wound healing |
| Vitamin K | Vitamin for blood density |
| Density | Measure of how dense an object is. Example: Water is less dense as a solid than as a liquid. Gaseous form is the least dense. |
| Water | Inorganic substance necessary for life. Polar-negative and positive regions. Universal solvent. Less dense as a solid. Functions: hydration and transportation of materials within the body |
| Glycerol | One of the building blocks of lipids (along with fatty acids) |
| Fatty acids | One of the building blocks of lipids (along with glycerol) |
| Lipids | Organic molecule made of C, H, O. Fatty acids and glycerol are building blocks. Examples: waxes, fats, oils. Store energy/make up cell membranes. |
| Starch | Examle of a complex carbohydrates. Plants store extra sugar as this. |
| Cellulose | Carbohydrate found in plant cell walls. Monosacchraides combine to form this larger molecule. |
| Monosaccharide | Building block of carbohydrates. Example: glucose |
| Carbohydrates | Organic molecule with C, H, O. Building blocks are monosaccharides. Used for energy (ability to do work), as a structural component (cellulose in plant cell walls), and dietary fiber for digestion. |
| Glucose | Example of a monosaccharide, which combine to form things like starch and cellulose. |
