| A | B |
|---|
| Osmosis | Water moves from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration to reach equilibrium. Regulation of water balance to maintain homeostasis. |
| Cell Membrane | Semi-permeable barrier that helps to maintain homeostasis by letting some substances inside the cell and some out. Mostly made of lipids. |
| Neutral | Substances with pH of 7, like water. |
| Solvent | Substance dissolves particles (solutes). Water is the universal one. |
| Metabolism | All chemical reactions in cell. When enzyme activity changes, this changes. |
| Solute | Particles dissolved in solution. |
| Substrate | Substances that enzymes act upon. Adding more of this increases the reaction rate to a point. |
| Solution | Combination of solutes dissolved in a solvent |
| Hypertonic | More solutes are outside the cell than inside. Water moves outside the cell because "solutes suck!" Cell shrinks. |
| Enzymes | Type of protein that speeds up chemical reactions. Works at specific temperatures and pH. If pH or temperature is too high or too low, rate of activity decreases. More of this will increase activity to a point. |
| Hypotonic | More solutes inside the cell than outside. Water moves inside because "solutes suck!" Cell swells and may burst. |
| Base | Substances with pH from 7.1 to 14, like milk |
| Homeostasis | Balance within the body. Helped by the cell membrane. |
| Isotonic | Equal number of solutes inside and outside the cell. Water moves freely. Cell stays the same. |
| Temperature | Hot hot or cold something is. Affects enzyme activity: too high, then enzyme loses shape and won't function. If too cold, it decreases enzyme activity. Affects diffusion--heat will increase rate and cold decreases rate. |
| State of matter | Changes in temperature affect a substances' form. Cold-->solid. Warm-->Liquid. Hot-->Gas. |
| Diffusion | Substances move from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration. Helps to maintain homeostasis. Affected by temperature: heat speeds it up, cold slows it down. |
| Acid | Substance with pH of 0-6.9, like orange juice. |
| pH | Measurement of number of H+ and OH-, or acidity. Affects survival: if too acidic or basic, then organisms cannot survive and will die. |
| pH scale | Scale used to measure strength of an acid or base. 0-6.9=acid. 7=neutral. 7.1-14=base |
| Enzyme activity | How well an enzyme works. Each enzyme works best at specific temperatures and pH. |
| Active transport | Movement of substances requires energy |
| Passive transport | Moving of substances that does NOT require energy (like diffusion and osmosis) |
