| A | B |
|---|
| Haploid | Only one copy of chromosomes. Example: gametes (egg or sperm). Represented as n. |
| Fertilization | Process that fuses egg and sperm. Results in zygote with twice the number of chromosomes as a gamete. |
| Genes | Segments of DNA that code for proteins which codes for traits. |
| Centromere | What holds two chromatids together |
| Homologous chromosomes | Chromosomes that carry genes for the same traits. Have the same basic size and shapes. |
| Chromatids | "daughter" strands of a duplicated chromosome. |
| Chromatin | Mass of genetic material that condense to form chromosomes. |
| Crossing-over | Tangling/swapping of parts of chromosomes during meiosis. Creates new gene combinations and variation. |
| Tetrads | Homologous chromosomes that line up together form these. |
| Variation | Differences in a species. More often in sexually reproducing organisms. Result of crossing over in meiosis or mutations. |
| Zygote | Fused egg and sperm cells. Fertilized egg. Twice the number of chromosomes as a gamete. (2n) |
| Diploid | Type of cell that enters meiosis. Has two copies of chromosomes. Represented as 2n. |
| Meiosis | Cell division to produce gametes. Number of chromosomes reduced by 1/2. 4 genetically different haploid gametes made. Source of variation (crossing-ver). Represented as 2n-->n. |
| Sexual reproduction | New individual produced involving 2 parents. Species has more variation. Gametes are used. |
| Gametes | Reproductive cells in sexual reproduction. Egg-->female; sperm-->male. Haploid. Made in meiosis. |
