| A | B |
|---|
| Gene | Segment of DNA that codes for a particular protein or RNA that then codes for a trait. |
| Allele | Different forms of a gene. May have A (dominant) or a (recessive). |
| Adenine | Nitrogen base that pairs with THYMINE in DNA and with URACIL in RNA. Part of a nucleotide. |
| Thymine | Nitrogen base that pairs with ADENINE in DNA only. Part of a nucleotide. |
| Guanine | Nitrogen base that pairs with CYTOSINE in RNA and DNA. Part of a nucleotide. |
| Cytosine | Nitrogen base that pairs with CYTOSINE in DNA and RNA. Part of a nucleotide. |
| DNA replication | DNA makes copies of itself using this process. Needs the help of enzymes to work. |
| Enzyme | Type of protein that controls reaction rates. Help processes, such as DNA replication. |
| Nucleotide | "Building block" of DNA or RNA. Contains sugar, phosphate, and nitrogen base. Nitrogen bases are A, T, G, C, U. DNA--ATGC. RNA--AUGC. |
| Amino acid | Combine to form proteins. 3 nitrogen bases code for a specific one. |
| Protein | Made in ribosome through protein synthesis. Controls reaction rates. Determines traits. Order of amino acids determines types. |
| Protein synthesis | Process of making proteins. Done in the ribosome. Genes-->DNA-->transcription makes mRNA-->translation makes tRNA-->Protein-->Trait |
| Ribosome | Organelle responsible for protein synthesis |
| Messenger RNA (mRNA) | "Read" the DNA code and carries the code to cytoplasm and ribosome. Made through transcription in the nucleus. |
| Transcription | Occurs in the nucleus. Process of copying a DNA strand into a complementary RNA strand. |
| Transfer RNA (tRNA) | RNA that matches an amino acid to a codon. Carries amino acids to the ribosome. |
| Codon | Three nucleotides that codes for a specific amino acid. |
| Uracil | Nitrogen base that pairs with ADENINE in RNA. Part of a nucleotide. |
| Translation | Process of decoding mRNA and using it to arrange amino acids. |
| Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) | RNA that makes up ribosomes |
