| A | B |
|---|
| Evolution | How species change over many generations. Evidence includes fossil record, anatomical similarities, and genetic similarities. |
| Kingdoms | Large, broad categories of groups of living things. Includes Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia. |
| Prokaryote | Cells with NO nucleus or membrane bound organelles. They DO have DNA or RNA and small ribosomes. They are very simple. All bacteria are this. |
| Eukaryote | Cells WITH nucleus and organelles. Has DNA and RNA. More complex. Examples: protists, plants, fungi, animals. |
| Monera | Kingdom. Traits: single-celled, NO nucleus, some have cell wall, are autotroph or heterotroph, and prokaryotes. Example: bacteria |
| Protista | Kingdom. Traits: Single or multicellular. Has nucleus. NO cell walls. Autotroph--have chloroplasts OR Heterotroph. Eukaryotes. Example: euglena, protozoan |
| Fungi | Kingdom. Traits: Single or multicellular. Has nucleus. Has cell wall. Heterotroph only. No chloroplasts. Eukaryotes. Example: mushroom, yeast |
| Plantae | Kingdom. Traits: Multicellular. Has nucleus. Has cell wall (cellulose). Autotroph-has chloroplasts. Eukaryotes. Example: fern, tree |
| Animalia | Kingdom. Traits: Multicellular. Has nucleus. NO cell wall. Heterotrophic only. No chloroplasts. Eukaryotes. Examples: birds, humans, fish, etc. |
| Cladogram | Diagram of relatedness, showing shared derived traits. |
| Geological time | Study of Earth's history |
| Fossils | Preserved remains of an organism. Used as evidence for evolution. |
| Common ancestor | Similarities of physical structures, embryos, amino acid sequences/DNA, DNA fingerprints indicate organisms share this. Having a similar evolutionary history. |
| Homologous structures | Similar structures with a different function. Used as evidence for evolution. Ex: whale flipper and bird wing |
| Vestigial structures | Structures that are present in an organism but have no known function. Ex: leg bones in snakes |
| Embryos | Fusion of a male gamete with a female gamete. Similarities are used as evidence for evolution. |
| Genes | Segments of DNA. Used as evidence for evolution. Similarities indicate common ancestry. |
| Amino acid sequence | Order that makes up proteins. Used as evidence for evolution. More similarities means the more recently they shared a common ancestor. |
| Gel electrophoresis | Technique used by scientists which separates DNA into fragments. More fragments in common=more similar=more common ancestry. |
| DNA fingerprint | Pattern created during gel electrophoresis. More similar=more related. |
