| A | B |
|---|
| molecular structure | a model of the way that atoms come together to form unique molecules |
| hydrogen bonds | n. the force of attraction that holds positively charged hydrogen and negatively charged oxygen molecules together |
| polarity | the condition of having positively and negatively charged regions (poles) |
| covalent bond | connection between two atoms that share one or more electrons |
| surface tension | a film, or layer on top of water caused by cohesion |
| density | . mass/ volume water= 1g/ cm3 |
| heat capacity | the amount of energy it takes to raise the temperature of a substance |
| cohesion | the tendency of molecules of one substance to stick together |
| adhesion | the tendency of molecules of a substance to stick to another substance |
| hydro- | root word: water |
| -phobic | root word: fear of |
| -philic | root word: lover of |
| capillary action | the ability of water to move up, against the force of gravity, due to adhesion |
| universal solvent | water’s ability to dissolve any hydrophilic substance |
| solvent | a substance that can dissolve other substances in a solution ex. water |
| solute | the substance that is dissolved in a solution ex. salt, sugar |
| solution | one substance (ex. salt) dissolved in another substance (ex. water) |
| specific heat | the amount of energy it takes to raise the temperature of a substance. |
| cooling agent | the ability of water to cool an organism or a surface when it evaporates |
| polar molecules | molecules with areas with positive and negative electromagnetic charges |
| hydrophilic | “water loving”; substances that adhere to or dissolve in water |
| homeostatsis | ability to maintain a constant internal temperature ex. because water has a high specific heat, it helps cells maintain this |
| meniscus | the curve on the surface of a liquid where it adheres to the container |
| pH scale | a way of measuring acids and bases, from 0-14 0-6 acid 7 neutral (water) 8-14 base |
| acid | . a substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration [H+] of a solution, lowers the pH |
| base (basic, alkaline) | . a substance that decreases the hydrogen ion concentration [H+] of a solution, increases the pH |
| buffers | materials that absorb or release [H+] to keep a substance close to neutral (pH 6-8) |
| [H+] | symbol for “hydrogen ion concentration” high[H+]= acid |
| hydrogen ion H+ | a hydrogen atom that is missing an electron Because it is missing an electron, it has a positive + charge there are lots of these in an acid |
