| A | B |
|---|
| Geographically, where did the Minoan civilization of Greece exist? | Island of Crete |
| What legendary war did the Mycenaean Greeks fight in western Asia Minor around 1250 BC? | Trojan War |
| What ancient Greek legends are credited to the blind poet Homer? | Iliad and Odyssey |
| What ancient Greek polis was most famous for its tough and disciplined warriors? | Sparta |
| What Greek polis created the world's first direct democracy? | Athens |
| Which famous Greek philosopher started the idea of finding truth through asking questions? | Socrates |
| What was the greatest legacy of Alexander the Great? | Conquered the Persian Empire, Spread Greek Culture |
| What percentage of Greece was covered by mountains? | 75% |
| What percentage of Greece was suitable for farming? | 20% |
| What did the ancient Greeks base their diet on? | gapes and olives |
| Who lived on the island of Crete? | Minoans |
| What groups came together to form ancient Greece? | Indo-Europeans, Minoans |
| Who was believed to be the goddess that protected Athens? | Athena |
| What group invaded Greece and destroyed Mycenaean civilization? | People of the Sea |
| What German archaeologist did research that proved the Trojan war really happened? | Heinrich Spielmann |
| According to legend, why did the Trojan War begin? | Trojans kidnapped Greek princess |
| What is an acropolis? | fortified hilltop where government decisions were made |
| What is an aristocracy? | rule by a small group of land owning nobels |
| What was the main job of ephors in Sparta? | day to day operations of government |
| What Greek city-state valued duty, strength, and discipline? | Sparta |
| What Greek city-state valued individuality, beauty, and freedom? | Athens |
| What were two reforms of Solon? | Outlawed debt slavery, offered citizenship to foreigners |
| How did Pisistratus gain power in Athens? | Gave the poor weapons and made promises to them |
| List two reforms of Cliesthenes | Council of 500, established a true legislature, avoided civil war by forming democracy |
| Why did the Persian Wars begin? | Greeks attempted to stop Persian invasion of Iona |
| Why were the Greeks able to defeat the Persians in the first Persian War? | Phalanx |
| Who led Persia during the second Persian War? | Xerxes |
| Why was the Battle of Thermopylae important to the Greeks? | Rallied Greece, 300 Spartans made the ultimate sacrifice |
| What did Themistocles convince the citizens of Athens to do? | Evacuate and allow the Persians to burn Athens |
| Why were the Greeks able to win the second Persian War? | They used battleships with battering rams to destroy Persian ships |
| What effect did the Persian Wars have on Greece? | Increased national pride |
| Why was the Delian League formed? | Unite Greece, stop further invasions |
| What were three goals Pericles had for Athens? | Hold and expand the empire, beautify Athens, strengthen Athenian democracy |
| What were the causes of Peloponnesian War? | Athens received the credit for victory in the Persian Wars, resentment of Athenian domination |
| What advantage did Athens have in the Peloponnesian War? | Strong navy |
| What city-state have the advantage on land during the Peloponnesian War? | Sparta |
| Who won the Peloponnesian War? | Sparta |
| Why did Sparta win the Peloponnesian War? | Plague in Athens, strong alliances |
| What did Protagoras question? | Existence of the Greek gods |
| What did Socrates believe about an absolute standard for truth and justice? | It did exist |
| How did the Greeks feel about the Macedonian's? | they were inferior |
| What Macedonian leader conquered Greece and united it under one ruler? | Philip |
| What happened at the Battle of Chaerona? | Philip conquered Greece |
| How did Philip of Macedonia die? | Assisinated |
| Who took control of Macedonia after the death of Philip? | Alexander |
| What did Alexander do in retaliation for Greek rebellion? | Burned Thebes |
| Why do most historians feel Alexander invaded Persia? | revenge for the burning of Athens |
| What tactic did Alexander frequently use to gain victory in battle? | siege tactics |
| What did Darius offer Alexander in order to make peace? | western 1/3 of his empire |
| Why did Alexander invade Egypt? | To gain time for training and add extra manpower |
| Why do historians think Alexander burned the city of Persepolis? | revenge for the burning of Athens |
| What weapon did the Indian arm use against Alexander? | Elephants |
| Why did Alexander and his forces return to Persian after invading India? | His men were tired and losing the will to fight |
| What did Alexander decide to do to his empire after returning to Persia? | Expand to the east |
| What is Hellenistic Culture? | Blending of Greek, Egyptian, and Persian culture |
| Who took control of Alexanders empire after his death? | His generals |
