| A | B |
| allusion | a reference |
| dialect | the use of regional language to aid in character development |
| diction | the author's word choice; contributes to the overall tone of the work |
| direct characterization | the process of revealing a character through author's description |
| foreshadowing | elements of the text that hint at what will come later |
| indirect characterization | the process of revealing a character's personality through author's description |
| irony | opposite of what one expects |
| setting | where and when a story takes place |
| symbolism | when an object or action stands for something beyond its literal meaning |
| syntax | the author's sentence structure |