| A | B |
|---|
| Limited Government | A government system where power of government is limited by the people. |
| Monarch | A king or queen. |
| Absolutism | A system of government where a leader/monarch and his/her advisers have all the power. |
| Absolute Monarch | A king/queen who rules with unlimited power. |
| Divine Right of Kings | The idea that rulers receive their power to rule from God and are not responsible to the people. |
| Unlimited Government | A government that has all power and the people must obey it. |
| Rule of Law | Idea that all people, including government leaders, must obey t he laws. |
| Enlightenment | An intellectual movement in the 1700's characterized by the use of reason to bring improvements in government, religion, and education. |
| Constitutional Monarchy | A government where the king/queen's powers are limited by a constitution and elected representatives makes the laws. |
| Separation of Powers | The distribution of the legislative, executive, and judicial powers to several groups in the government. |
| Capitalism | An economic system controlled by individuals and private companies; NOT BY THE GOVERNMENT. Also called Hands-Off or Market Economy. |
| Social Contract | An agreement between the members of an organized society or between a community and its ruler that defines and limits the rights and duties of each. |
| Natural Rights | Political theory that maintains that an individual has certain basic rights and that no government can deny these rights. |
| Constitutionalism | That the government contract should be written down, making clear what powers were given to whom. |
| Checks and Balances | When on branch of government has powers that allows it to limit the power of the other branches. |
| Restraints | A word that means that "control". |
| Democracy | A Government where people are granted authority in the running of the government. |
| Philosophy | Investigation of nature, causes, or principles of reality, knowledge, or values, based on logical reasoning rather than observation. |
| Nationalism | A feeling of extreme loyalty and pride in one's own country. |
| Salon | A regular meeting of writers and artists at someone's home. |
| Natural Law | Belief that we are all born into nature and we have basic morals that we follow and know right from wrong. |
| Free Market | Idea that prices are determined by supply and demand. |
| John Locke | English political theorist who focused on the structure of governments and believed that a representative government is the best. |
| Montesquie | French political thinker who expanded Locke's views and also believed in the separation of powers. He though absolute power was dangerous. |
| Rousseau | Swiss-French thinker who believed that people were basically good but were corrupted b society. |
| Voltaire | French writer who fought for tolerance, reason, freedom of religion, and freedom of speech. |
| Thomas Hobbes | He wrote the Leviathan. He believed that people were cruel and that people should give up their natural rights to an absolute monarch. |
| Mary Wollstonecraft | First pioneer for women's rights. She fought for equal opportunities in education for girls. |
| Adam Smith | Founder of capitalism. |
