| A | B |
|---|
| density | Intensive property: A ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume. |
| matter | Anything that has mass and takes up space. |
| substance | Matter with uniform and unchanging composition. |
| states of matter | The physical forms of matter, either solid, liquid, or gas. |
| solids | Form of matter that have their own difinite shape and volume. |
| liquids | Forms of matter that have definite volume, but take the shape of their containers. |
| gases | Have no definite shape or volume. They expand to fill their container. |
| vapor | Refers to the gaseous state of a substance that is a solid or liquid at room temperature. |
| physical property | A characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the sapmple's composition. |
| extensive property | Dependent on the amount of substance present. Exs: mass, length, & volume |
| intensive property | Are dependent on what the substance is, NOT on how much there is. |
| Color | Intensive property which is the quality of an object or substance with respect to light reflected by the object. |
| luster | Intensive property which is how shiny a substance is. |
| malleability | Intensive property which is the ability of a substance to be beaten into thin sheets. |
| ductility | Intensive property:The ability of a substance to be drawn into thin wires. |
| conductivity | Intensive property: The ability of a substance to allow the flow of energy or electricity. |
| hardness | Intensive property: How easily a substance can be scratched. |
| Melting/freezing point | Intensive property: The temperature at which the solid and liquid phases of a substance are in equilibrium at atmospheric pressure. |
| Boiling point | Intesive property: The temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid is equal to the pressure on the liquid. |
| Chemical properties of matter | The ability of a substance to combine with or change into one or more substances. Exs.: iron forming rust, copper turning green in the air, silver tarnishing |
| Observation | Orderly, direct information gathered about a phenomenon. |
| Physical change | A change that alters a substance without changing its composition. |
| Phase change | A transition of matter from one state to another. Exs: freezing, melting, condensing, boiling |
| Chemical change | A change that involves one or more substances turning into new substances. Exs: decomposing, rusting, exploding, burning, oxidizing |
| Law of Conservation of Mass | States that mass is neither created or destroyed in a chemical reaction, it is conserved. The mass of reactants equals mass of the products. |
| Mixture | A combination of two or more pure substances in which each pure substance retains its individual chemical properties. |
| Homeogeneous mixture | A mixture where the composition is constant throughout. |
| Solutions | Another name for a homogeneous mixture. |
| Heterogeneous mixture | A mixture where the individual substances remain distinct. |
| Gas-gas solution | Air in a scuba tank is primarily a mixture of nitrogen, oxygen, and argon gas. |
| Gas- liquid solution | Oxygen and CO2 dissolved in seawater. |
| Liquid-gas solution | Moist air exhaled by a scuba diver contains water droplets. |
| Liquid- liquid solution | During rain, fresh water mixes with seawater. |
| Solid- liquid solution | Solid salts are dissolved in seawater. |
| Solid- solid solution | The air tank is made of an alloy--- a mixture of two metals. |
| Filtration | A technique that uses a porous barrier to separate a solid from a liquid in a heterogeneous mixture. |
| Distillation | A separation technique for homogeneous mixtures that is based on the differences of boiling points of substances. |
| Crystallization | A separation technique for homogeneous mixtures that results in the formation of pure solid particles from a solution containing the dissolved substance. |
| Sublimination | The process of a solid changing directly into a gas which can be used to separate mixtures of solids when one sublimates and the other does not. |
| Chromatography | A technique that separates the components of a mixture on a mixture on the basis of the tendency of each to travel across the surface of another material. |
| Proportion | The relation of one part to another or to the whole with respect to quantity. |
| Element | A pure substance that cannot be separated into a simpler substance by physical or chemical means. |
| Periodic Table | Organizes the elements into a grid of horizontal rows called periods and vertical columns called groups. |
| Compound | Made up of two or more elements combined chemically. |
| Law of Definite Proportions | States that a compound is always composed of the same elements in the same proportion by mass no matter how large or small the sample. |
| Law of Multiple Proportions | States that when differernt compounds are formed by a combination of the same elements, different masses of one element combine with the same relative mass of the other element in whole number rations. |
