| A | B |
|---|
| Egypt | a country in northeast Africa; birthplace of ancient Egyptian civilization |
| Nile River | the world's longest river, which flows over 4,000 miles northward through East Africa into the Mediterranean Sea |
| delta | the flat, fan-shaped land made of silt deposited at the mouth of a river |
| Lower Egypt | the northern part of ancient Egypt |
| Upper Egypt | the southern part of ancient Egypt |
| Menes | King of Upper Egypt who united Upper and Lower Egypt (3100 BCE) |
| unification | the joining of separate parts, such as kingdoms, into one |
| pharaoh | the title used by the rulers of ancient Egypt |
| Old Kingdom | Egypt from about 2700 BCE to about 2200 BCE when early pharaohs united Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt |
| Memphis | Capital of Egypt's Old Kingdom, located on the Nile near present-day Cairo |
| mummification | the process of preserving a dead body through embalming and drying |
| pyramids | a massive structure built of stone, usually having a square base and four triangular sides that slope upward |
| Khufu | Egyptian pharaoh who built the Great Pyramid |
| hieroglyphics | the ancient Egyptian system of writing that used symbols to stand for objects, ideas, or sounds |
| papyrus | a kind of paper made from papyrus, a reed plant growing along the Nile, that the ancient Egyptians used for writing |
| Jean Champollion | translator of the Rosetta Stone |
| economy | the way people manage mondy and resources for the production of goods and services |
| Nubia | An ancient kingdom south of Egypt |
| expeditions | a group of people who go on a trip for a specific reason |
| Ahmose I | New Kingdom pharaoh who drove out the Hyksos and reunited Egypt |
| Kush | An ancient kingdom in northeastern Africa, conquered by Egypt. It later regained independence and flourished through trade between 500 BCE and 150 AD |
| Hatshepsut | Female Egyptian pharaoh |
| Amenhotep I | Pharaoh who defended and expanded Egyptian territory |
| Akhenaton | Pharaoh who instituted monotheism |
| Ramses II | Pharaoh who defeated the Hittites |
| Blue Nile | part of the Nile that flows northeast out of Lake Tana |
| White Nile | part of the Nile that flows north out of Lake Victoria |
| cataracts | a steep rapid in a river |
| Kush | an ancient kingdom in northeastern Africa, conquered by Egypt. It later regained independence and flourished through trade between 500 BCE and 150 AD |
| Kerma | the ancient capital of the kingdom of Kush in Upper Nubia |
| Piye | a king of Kush who conquered the city of Memphis, and then all of Egypt |
| Meroe | The ancient capital of the kingdom of Kush from 300 BCE to 300 AD |
| social pyramid | a diagram illustrating the social order divisions within a culture; usually showing the most powerful person or group at the peak and the least powerful groups at the bottom |
