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Neuropsychology - A

AB
biological psychologybranch of psych concerned with links between bx and biology
neuronbasic building block of nervous system
dendritebranching extension of neuron to receive messages and conduct impulses toward cell body
axonextension of neuron through which messages pass to other neurons, muscles, or glands
myelin sheathlayer of fatty tissue segmentally covering axon; enhances transmission of neural impulses
action potentialneural impulse; electrical charge that travels an axon
thresholdlevel of stimulation required to trigger neural impulse
synapsejunction between axon of sending neuron and dendrite or body of recieving neuron
neurotransmitterchemical messengers that cross synaptic gaps
acetylcholine (ACh)neurotransmitter; enables muscle action, learning, and memory
dopamineneurotransmitter; influences movement, learning, attention, and emotion
serotoninneurotransmitter; affects mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal
norepinephrineneurotransmitter; helps control alertness and arousal
GABAmajor inhibitory neurotransmitter
glutamatemajor excitatory neurotransmitter; involved in memory
endorphinsnatural opiatelike neurotransmitter; linked to pain control and pleasure
agonistexcites
antagonistsinhibit
nervous systembody's electrochemical communication system
central nervous system (CNS)brain and spinal cord
preipheral nervous system (PNS)neurons that connect the CNS to the rest of the body
nervesneural cables containing bundled axons connecting CNS to muscles, glands, and sense organs (part of PNS)
sensory neuronscarry incoming information from sense receptors to CNS
interneuronsCNS neurons that communicate between sensory inputs and motor outputs
motor neuronscarry outgoing information from CNS to muscles and glands
somatic nervous systempart of PNS that controls skeletal muscles
autonmomic nervous systempart of PNS controls glands and muscles of internal organs
sympathetic nervous systemarouses one for defensive action
parasympathetic nervous systemcalms one and conserves energy
reflexsimple, automatic, inborn response to sensory stimulation
neural networksinterconnected neural cells
endocrine systemslow chemical communication systemt made of glands that secrete hormones into bloodstream
hormoneschemical messengers that are produced in one tisue and affect another
adrenal glandspair of endocrine glands above the kidneys that secrete epinephrine and norepinehrine to arouse the body in times of stress
pituitary glandgland that regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands


(AP) Human Geography Teacher
Lakeville South High School
Lakeville, MN

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