| A | B |
|---|
| Demographic Transition Model | Sequence of demographic changes in which a country moves through 4 or 5 stages from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates through time. |
| Acculturation | Adooption of cultural traits, such as language, by one group under the influence of another. |
| Animism | Traditional religion most prevalent in Africa and Americas, doctrine in which the world is seen as infused with spiritual and even supernatural powers. |
| Artifact | Any item that represents a material aspect of culture. |
| Creole | A pidgin language that evolves to point at which it becomes the primary language of the people who speak it. |
| Cultural complex | Group of traits that define a particular culture. |
| Cultural hearth | Location on earth's surface where specific cultures first arose. |
| Dialect | Geographically distinct versions of single language that vary somewhat from parent form. |
| Ecumene | Proportion of earth able to be inhabited by humans. |
| Environmental determinism | Doctrine that claims that cultural traits are formed and controlled by environmental conditions. |
| Ethnic cleansing | Systematic attempt to remove all people of particular ethnicity from country or region either by forced migration or genocide. |
| Ethnic Religion | Religion identified with particular ethnic or tribal group that does not seek converts. |
| Folk Culture | Refers to constellation of cultural practices that form the sights, smells, sounds, and rituals of everyday existence in the traditional socieities in which they developed. They don't easily change. |
| Ghetto | Segregated ethnic area within a city - usually caused by force. |
| Indo-European family | Language family including the Germanic and Romance languages that is spoken by about 50% of world's people. |
| Lingua Franca | Exgtremely simple language that combines aspects of two or more other, more complex languages usually used for quick and efficient communication. |
| Pidgin | Language that may develop when two groups of people with different languages meet. The pidgin has some characteristics of each language. Not official or prima rylanguage. |
| Sino-Tibetan family | Language family that spreads through most of Southeast Asia and China and comprised of Chinese, Burmese, Tibetan, Japanese, and Korean. |
| Syncretism | Traditions that borrow from both past and present and different cultures together. |
| Toponym | Place names given to certain features on land such as settlements, terrain features, and streams |
| Universalizing Relgion | Seeks to unit people from all over the globe in order to convert as many people as possible to the relgion. |
| Antecedent Boundary | Boundary line established before an area populated. |
| Subsequent Boundary | Boundary line established after an area has been settled that considers social and cultural characteristics of the area. |
| Centrifugal Forces | Forces that tend to divide a country. |
| Centripetal Forces | Forces that tend to unite or bind a country together. |
| Commonwealth of Independent States | Confederacy of independent states of the former Soviet Union that have united because of their common economic and administrative needs. |
| Compact State | State that possesses roughly circular, oval, or rectangular territory in which the distance from geometric center is relatively equal in all directions. |
| Domino theory | Idea that political destabilization in one country can lead to collapse of political stability in neighboring countries, starting chain reaction of collapse. |
| Elongated state | State whose territory is long and narrow in shape. |
| European Union | International organization comprised of Western European countries to promote free trade among members. Its a regional multinational organization and also a supranationalist organization with a common currency. |
| Exclave | Bounded territory that is part of a particular state but separated form it by the territory of a different state. |
| Fragmented State | State that is not contiguous whole but rather separated parts. Made of islands, perhaps. |
| Geometric Boundary | Political boundaries that are defined and delimited by straight lines, often defined by latitude/longitude lines. |
| Gerrymandering | Designation of voting districts so as to favor a particular party or candidate. A type of reapportionment. |
| Heartland Theory | Proposed by Halford Mackinder that held that any political power based in the heartland of Eurasia could gain enough strength to eventually dominate the world. |
| Law of the Sea | Law though United Nations agreement establishing states' rights and responsibilities concerning the ownership and use of the earth's seas and oceans and their resources. |
| Nation-state | Country whose population possesses a substantial degree of cultural homogeneity and unity. |
| North/south divide | Economic division between the wealthy ocuntries of Europe and North America, Japan, and Australia and the generally poorer countries of Asia, Africa, and Latin America - Core-Periphery Theory |
| Organic Theory | View that states resemble biological organisms with life cycles that include stages of youth, maturity, and old age. |
| Perforated state | State whose territory completely surrounds that of another state. |
| Prorupted state | State that exhibits a narrow, elongated land extension leading away form main territory. |
| Reapportionment | Process of a reallocation of electoral seats to defined territories. |
| Rimland Theory | Nicholas Spykman's theory that the domination of the coastal fringes of Eurasia would provide the base for world conquest. The world's shores are most important. |
| Super-imposed Boundary | Boundary line drawn in an area ignoring the existing cultural pattern. |
| Supranational Organizations | Organization of three or more states to promote shared objectives. These could be global or regional. |
| Agglomeration | Grouping together of many firms form the same industry in a single area for collective or cooperative use of infrastructure and sharing of labor resources. |
| Ancillary activities | Economic activities that surround and support large-scale industries such as shipping and food service. |
| Backwash effect | Negative effects on one region that result from economic growth within another region. |
| Brick and mortar business | Traditional business with actual stores in which trade or retail occurs; it does not exist only on the Internet.l |
| Conglomerate Corporation | Firm comprised of many smaller firms that serve several different functions. |
