| A | B |
|---|
| Hammurabi's Code | 1st laws that were written |
| Moses | led the Israelites out of bondage |
| Sumer | 1st world civilization between the Tigris and Euphrates |
| Moses | gave the Jews the Ten Commandments |
| dharma | religious and moral duties of people in Hinduism |
| thick rain forest | separated China from Southeast Asia |
| Great Wall | constructed to discourage invasions from the north in China |
| enlightenment through meditation | key difference between Hinduism and buddhism |
| Greek sculptors | showed people in their most perfect, graceful forms |
| Sparat | focused on military virtues and discipline |
| Peloponnesian war | ended Athenian domiance of Greece |
| Alexander the Great | conquered Persia more easily because it was already weakened |
| Persian Wars | faciliated the organization of the Delian League under Athens |
| Republic | stresseed that the ideal state would be ruled by a philosopher king |
| Oligrarchy | small, wealthy elite controling government (Greece) = what form of government |
| Alexander the Great | extended his empire all the way to India |
| Punic Wars | Rome fought Carthage |
| Emperor Diocletian | divided Rome into two parts to restore order to the empire |
| Julius Caesar | killed because many feared he was trying to become a king of the Roman Republic |
| 12 Tables | civil law |
| Constantine | granted religious tolerance to Christians in 313 Edict of Milan |
| vassals | had to serve their lords militarily |
| Christians | believe you must receive sacraments to achieve salvation |
| fedualism | developed to help protect people |
| chivalry | code of conduct during the Middle Ages for knights |
| manor system | peasants were tied to the land for the entire lives |
| papal supremacy | means that the pope has authority over all kings and emperors |
| monarchs | gained more power during the middle Ages by strengthening their bonds with the middle class |
| Hundred Years' War | led to English rulers turning to new trading ventures overseas |
| Black death | led to larger increases in wages and prices throughout Europe |
| Magna Carta | King John was forced to sign to appease a rebellious group of nobles angry at his abuses of power |
| 1099 | During the Crusades, Christians were able to take the city of Jerusalem |
| Great Schism | led to the start in the East of the Eastern Orthodox Church |
| Islam | a duty or belief is to take a pilgrimage to Mecca (hajj) |
| Muslim Holy Book | Quran |
| Shiite vs. Sunni | Shiites support Muhammad's son in-law, Ali |
| Renaissance | artists reflect humanism by painting well-known people of the day |
| Geneva | Swiss city state in which John Calvin led and it became a Protestant model |
| Renaissance | age of great change marked by renewed interest in classical learning |
| Leonardo da Vinci | painted the Last Supper and Mona Lisa |
| Line of Demarcation | divided the world between the Spanish and Portuguese for exploration, trade, and conquest |
| Portugal | was able to build a vast trading empire due to the voyages of da Gama especially to the port of Calicut |
| African slaves | typically acquired by Europeans by African traders who captured them and brought the captives to African ports |
| Aztec | Cortes defeated Aztecs by forming alliances with conquered peopole who hated the Aztecs |
| Masachusetts, Pennsylvania, and Maryland | were English colonies that were estabilshed basically as haveans for persecuted religious groups |
| Jamestown, Virigina | established iin 1607 as the first permanent colony in the Americas |
| Five Pillars | you must show charity for the poor |
