| A | B |
|---|
| Labor Union | a group of workers joined together to protect and promote their interests |
| AFL | American Federation of Labor - an organization which concentrated its efforts on helping workers gain higher wages and better working conditions |
| Homestead Strike | a labor dispute in 1892 in which steel workers lost union representation until the late 1930's |
| Muckraker | writers, mostly journalists, who published the ills of public life;Upton Sinclair published “The Jungle” exposing the meat packing industry |
| Upton Sinclair “The Jungle” | book which inspired reforms to address social problems in America, such as the urban slums, child labor, women suffrage, and helping immigrants |
| segregation | forced separation of people of different races in public places |
| Jim Crow Laws | a restriction passed in the South after reconstruction to segregate the races |
| NAACP | National Association for the Advancement of Colored People; An organization committed to achieving political, educational, and civil equality for African Americans |
| Booker T. Washington | believed equality could be achieved through vocational education; accepted social separation |
| W.E.B. Du Bois | believed in full political, civil, and social rights for African Americans |
| Temperance Movement | movement promoted by organizations, which urged resistance to the use of alcohol, supported the 18th Amendment (Prohibition) |
| Women's Suffrage | women who fought for and won the right to vote; Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton |
| 18th amendment | prohibited the sale, transport, and manufacturing of alcohol |
| 19th amendment | gave women the right to vote |
| Exodusters | Former African-American slaves that moved west to get free land |
| Homestead Act | Offered people free land if they stayed and lived for five years |
| Reservations | Areas in the West and Great Plains where Native Americans were forced to move |
| Chief Joseph | Nez Perce chief opposed to western expansion |
| Battle of Wounded Knee | reduced the Native American population; the last resistance from Native Americans |
| Americanization | Attempts to make Native Americans blend in by educating them and making them dress like Americans |
| False Treaties and Broken Promises | Impact of westward expansion on Native Americans |
| Alexander Graham Bell | Inventor of the telephone service |
| Urban Areas | Americans moved from country (rural) areas to these areas looking for jobs |
| settlement houses | places where immigrants could find housing, employment, and education |
| ghetto | poor immigrant neighborhoods in early American cities |
| Chinese Exclusion Act | early attempt to limit immigration in 1882 |
| Chicago | The city known for meatpacking in the early 20th century |
| Thomas Edison | The man known for inventing uses for electricity; the light bulb |
| Irish | The immigrants that left their European homeland because of a potato famine |
| Refrigerated Railroad Cars | Transported meat to the processing industry in Chicago |
| John D. Rockefeller | one of the Captains of Industry: controlled most of the oil production in America |
| Henry Ford | one of the Captains of Industry: invented the assembly line to mass produce automobiles |
| Cornelius Vanderbilt | one of the Captains of Industry: controlled most of the railroads in America |
