| A | B |
|---|
| fjords | long steep sided glacial valley now filled by seawater |
| polders | low lying area from which seawater has been drained to create new farmland |
| European Union | organization formed after World War II to foster economic cooperation among European countries |
| NATO | a military alliance created to foster cooperation on a global basis |
| command economy | system of resource management in which decisions about production and distribution of goods and services are made by a central authority |
| satellite (nations) | a country controlled by another country, notably Eastern European countries controlled by the Soviet Union by the end of WWII |
| ethnic group | group of people who share common ancestry, language, religion, customs, or a combination of such characteristics |
| ethnic cleansing | the expelling from a country of killing of rival ethnic groups |
| genocide | the deliberate killing of a large group of people, especially those of a particular ethnic group or nation |
| North Atlantic drift | a European current that causes warmer temperatures in western and southern Europe |
| westerly winds (westerlies) | the prevailing winds in the midlatitudes, blowing diagonally west to east between 30 degrees N and 60 degrees N |
| Chunnel | an underground/ water highway that connects England to France |
| Chernozem | rich black topsoil found in the Northern European Plain, especially in Russia and Ukraine |
| Permafrost | permanently frozen layer of soil beneath the surface of the ground |
| Immigrant | a person who comes to a country to take up permanent residence |
| Refugee | one who flees his or her home for safety |
| Industrial capitalism | an economic system in which business leaders use profits to expand their companies |
| Balkanization | the division of a region into smaller regions that are often hostile with each other |
| Heavy industry | defines the type of industry that cause disruption to the environment in the form of pollution, deforestation, etc. |
| Light industry | these industries usually have less environmental impact in the form of pollution |
| Mixed farming | raising several kinds of crops and livestock on the same farm |
| Farm cooperative | organization in which farmers share in growing and selling farm products |
| Organic farming | the use of natural substances rather than chemical fertilizers and pesticides to enrich the soil and grow crops |
| Acid rain | precipitation carrying large amounts of dissolved acids which damages buildings, forests and crops, and kills wildlife |
| Global warming | gradual warming of the Earth and its atmosphere that may be caused in part by pollution and an increase in the greenhouse effect |
