| A | B |
|---|
| Anasarca | the severe, widespread accumulation of fluid in all of the tissues and cavities of the body at the same time |
| Asthenia | Weakness. Lack of energy and strength. Loss of strength. |
| Azotemia | A higher-than-normal blood level of urea or other nitrogen-containing compounds. The hallmark test for azotemia is the serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level. Azotemia is usually caused by the inability of the kidneys to excrete these compounds |
| Bacteriuria | bacteria in the urine |
| Bladder | sac that stores urine until it is excreted |
| (BUN)Blood urea nitrogen | A measure of the urea level in blood. Diseases that compromise the function of the kidney frequently lead to increased BUN levels. Normal level 10-20 mg/dL |
| Calculi | The plural of calculus. Medically, a calculus is a stone, for example, a kidney stone |
| The costovertebral angle (CVA): | the space created by the downward lateral slope of the last rib and the beginning of the lumbar vertebrae or back bones of the spine (area where kidneys are located in the body) (also referred to as the flank area) |
| Creatinine | One of best lab tests for indicating renal function. A chemical waste molecule that is generated from muscle metabolism. Creatinine is produced from creatine, a molecule of major importance for energy production in muscles. Normal value 0.5-1.2 mg/dL |
| Cystitis | Inflammation of the bladder. Cystitis can be due for example to infection from bacteria that ascend the urethra |
| Urine cytology | a test to look for abnormal cells in your urine. Urine cytology is used along with other tests and procedures to diagnose urinary tract cancers. Urine cytology is most often used to diagnose bladder cancer, though the test may also detect kidney cancer, prostate cancer, ureter cancer and urethra cancer |
| Dialysis | a procedure that is a substitute for many of the normal duties of the kidneys. Dialysis allows patients with kidney failure a chance to live productive lives. Two types are hemo and peritoneal |
| Diuretic | Something that promotes the formation of urine by the kidney. All diuretics cause a person to lose water. The drug furosemide is a diuretic |
| Hemodialysis | is the most common method used to treat advanced and permanent kidney failure removing waste products from the blood |
| Peritoneal dialysis | A dialysis technique that uses the patient's own body tissues inside the abdominal cavity called the peritoneum as a filter. A plastic tube called a dialysis catheter is surgically placed through the abdominal wall, into the abdominal cavity. |
| Dysuria | Pain during urination, or difficulty urinating. Dysuria is usually caused by inflammation of the urethra, frequently as a result of infection |
| Hematuria | red blood cells in the urine |
| Hydronephrosis | Is the swelling of the kidney with the inability of urine to drain from the kidney into the bladder. this is the situation where the urine collecting system of the kidney is dilated. |
| ileal conduit | An ileal conduit is a surgical procedure, where a small urine reservoir is created from a segment of a bowel and is located just under the abdominal wall (a urinary diversion) |
| kidneys | Two bean-shaped organs that serve several essential regulatory roles in vertebrate animals. They remove excess organic molecules (waste products) |
| KUB | refers to a diagnostic medical imaging technique of the abdomen and stands for Kidneys, Ureters, and Bladder. A KUB is a plain frontal supine radiograph of the abdomen |
| Loope of Henle | a part of a nephron, a tiny filtering tube in the kidneys. It is also called the nephron loop, long, U-shaped portion of the tubule that conducts urine within each nephron of the kidney |
| Micturition | urination |
| Nephrotoxic | Poisonous to the kidney |
| Oliguria | Less urination than normal (less 30ml/hr adult or less than 500 ml in 24 hours) |
| Prostatodynia | pain in the prostate gland |
| Pyuria | Pus in the urine. A sign of inflammation, often related to infection |
| Residual Urine measurement | specialized testing which determines if any urine remains after you have attempted to empty your bladder |
| Urinary retention | Inability to urinate. May be caused by nerve disease, spinal cord injury, prostate enlargement, or infection |
| Ureter | One of the two tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder |
| Urolithiasis | stones in the kidney, bladder, and/or urethra (urinary tract). |
| Uremia | The presence of excessive amounts of urea in the blood, which may be a sign of kidney disease or failure |
| Kegel exercises | exercise to increase muscle strength and elasticity in the female pubococcygeal muscle |
| Pessary | A device inserted into the vagina to treat prolapsed uterus or in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence |
| Nephron | A key functioning unit of the kidney, a tiny funnel-like structure that filters wastes as they enter and progress through the kidney |
| Glomerulus | a tiny ball-shaped structure composed of capillary blood vessels actively involved in the filtration of the blood to form urine |
| Bowman's capsule | The structure surrounding the glomerulus that filters waste from the blood |
