| A | B |
|---|
| Pandemic | A widespread disease |
| Epidemic | A disease that affects a small region or area |
| Epidemiology | The study of disease s, how they spread and how to contain them. |
| Chromosome/ nucleoid | The free floating DNA in a bacteria cell |
| Prokaryote | An organism without a nucleus |
| Plasmid | Small circle/loop of DNA found in bacteria |
| Flagella | Tail-like structure used by bacteria to move |
| Cell capsule | Layer outside of a bacteria's cell wall that protects it |
| Communicable | Able to be passes between people/organisms |
| Non-communicable | Something that cannot be passed between organisms |
| Heriditary | Passed on through DNA and inherited from parents |
| Deficiency-based | Related to not having enough nutrients |
| Psychological | Relating to the structure or function of the brain |
| Disease | A disorder of function or structure in a person |
| Symptoms | Detected results of having a disease (headache, fever, etc) |
| Diagnosis | Identification of a disease causing symptoms |
| Prognosis | A predicted result of treatment |
| Pathogen | An organism that is able to infect host cells |
| Eukaryote | An organism that contains a nucleus |
| Ribosome | Organelle that synthesizes proteins. |
| Lytic Cycle | Cycle of virus infection where virus uses host ribosome to synthesis viral proteins. This results in the cell 'bursting' with viruses, which then go on to infect other cells. |
| Lysogenic Cycle | Cycle of virus infection where virus DNA is integrated into host DNA. More copies of the DNA are made as the host cells replicate. This is a 'dormant' stage. |
| Immune System | System that defends the body from disease and infection |
| Skin | Outer layer of cells - passive defese |
| Mucous | Viscous liquid that traps and prevents particles from entering the body |
| Antigen | A molecule found on pathogens that help the white blood cells determine whether it is part of us |
| Antibody | A molecule produced by lymphocytes that binds to the antigen. One antibody per antigen |
| Leucocyte | White blood cell |
| Lymphocyte | White blood cell that produces antibodies |
| Phagocyte | White blood cell that engulfs pathogens and presents the antigen to the lymphocytes so they know what antibodies to make |
| Phagocytosis | Process used by phagocytes to engulf pathogens |
| Presentation | When the phagocyte presents the antigen to the lymphocyte |
| Active Defense | When the body actively defends itself. Examples include coughing, sneezing, blood clotting and killing infections. |
| Passive Defense | Defences that the body has even when not being attacked. Examples include skin, mucous, stomach acid, etc. |
| Antitoxin | A molecule produced by white blood cells to neutralise toxins. |
| Active Immunity | Immunity to a pathogen that is gained after being infected and fighting an infection |
| Passive Immunity | Immunity gained by receiving antibodies from another organisms (breast milk, injections, etc.) |
| Memory Cells | Cells that remain after an infection has been fought. They are prepared to fight the pathogen in case it is encountered. |
| Vaccination | An injection of a weakened or dead pathogen (usually heat-treated) that 'tricks' your body into think it's being infected. Results in the production of Memory Cells |
| Immunity | The ability to resist a particular infection. |
