| A | B |
|---|
| first line of defence | (non pathogen specific) skin |
| skin | the largest organ of our bodies covers and protects body organs, foreig particles are unable to penetrate healthy skins, skin is made up of 2 layers, dermis and epidermous |
| epidermous | waterproof, outer layer of live and dead cells, its is covered w/ bacterica and oils, contains melanin, |
| melanin | a pigment that gives skin it's color and helps protected skin cells from being damaged by sunlight |
| dermis | thicker layer of skin that separates skin from other tissues and organs |
| fat tissue | saparates the skin from other tissues and organs, it helps cushion the body against blows and insulates the body against head loss and stores food. |
| mucous membranes | an "inner skin" it lines and proctects the interal surfaces of hollow organs of the body (like the respiratory and digestive tracts) |
| Lysozome | the enzyme in the thick mucous our body makes, it destroys the outer wall of baterial cells, also in tears and sweat |
| cillia | tiny hairlike structures located in the trachea that move in waves to remove dirty from the respiratory tract, this mucous is them coughed out of the body or swalled and destroyed by the digestive system. |
| digestive defence | defences are saliva. hCl. mucous and enzymes |
| Second line of defence | inflammatory response(non pathogen specific) , if foreign particles get past our first line of defense then our bodies initiate the inflammatory responce |
| inflammatory response | the body's initial local healing reaction to infection or injury, it is put into action when foreign particles make it past the first line of defense, damaged skin tissue produces chemicals (ie histamine) that causes bearby blood vessels to swell delivering more blood to the area, the blood carries many types of blood cells including platelets and several types of white blood cells |
| phagocytes | the different types of white blood cells |
| plateletts | are in blood to produce blood clots and scabs at the location of a wound |
| phagocytes | the fairly large white lbood cells that surround, engulf, and consume freign particles though a process called phagocytosis |
| macrophages | the largest of the phagocytes, they engluf damages cells as well as invading pathogens |
| pus | it comes from infected cuts, it is a combination of tissue fluid, dead phagocytes, and dead and living pathogens that the body recognizes chemically as intuders, this begings the process of developing active immunity for your body, it slows growth but speeds up defenses. |
| third line of defence | the immune system (speicify to specific pathogens) immunity is the body's ability to recognise and resist infection by specific pathogens or toxins, there are 2 types |
| active immunity | whent he body independently produces antibodies to destroy particular pathogens to which you have been exposed, this type of immunity tends to be longer lasting |
| natural active immunity | the body builds antibodies after having the disease |
| artificial active immunity | requires vaccines where dead or weakened pathogens are injected intot he body |
| passive immunity | when antibodies are produced by a source other than the host body this type of immunity tends to be short lived |
| natural passive immunity | immunity passed from a mother to a baby |
| artifical passive immunity | immunity passed from another organism |
| antigens | molecules that are foreign to the body, antigens are often proteins that make up a pathogen |
| antibody | is a protein made by certain kinds of white blood cells to chemically neutralize or detroy antigens, they are produced durring active immunity and they aer active when pathogens are in the blood |
| Lymphocytes | a type of small white blood cell that responds to antigens |
| Helper T cells | a lymphocyte that turns on the immune system by binding to anigens (thus becoming active)made in bone marrow |
| Killer T cells | release enzymes that help destroy antigens, they defend the body against viruses, multicellular parasites, fungi, some cancer cells and foreign tissue transplants, made in bone marrow |
| Plama cells | produce antibodies witht he proper shape for binding with a specific antigen, the antibodies are thenr elased into teh blood steram and lymphatic system where they hlep destroy antigens |
| memory b cells | a type of lymphocyte that have antibodies for a specific pathogen, remain in teh blood ready to defend against an invaion by that same pathogen at anothe time |
| cellular immunity | cellular immunity destroys body cells tha have become cancerous or infrected with a virus, it is an immune respone that involves macrophages antigens and t cells, but not b cells or antibodies that are dissolved in blood, destroyed infected cells before they can spead to the rest of the body |
| Clump | an antibody bound to an antigen |
| vaccine | a substance formed in weaked dead or parts of pathogens or antigens that stimilates the body to develpe active immunity to a disease, they cause B cells and memory t cells to be made |
| antibiotic | substances produced by microorganisms that kill or slow the growth of other microorganisms |
| analgesis | drugs like relive pain witho affecting consciousness. analgesics are ibuprofen and such |
