Java Games: Flashcards, matching, concentration, and word search.

Chapter 28: The Nervous System

AB
central nervous system (CNS)the body's primary information processing system; includes the brain and the spinal cord
peripheral nervous system (PNS)network of nerves carrying signals into and out of the central nervous system
nervebundle of neuron fibers surrounded by connective tissue
stimulusenvironmental change that triggers a response
sensory neuronnerve cell that carries information from the environment to the central nervous system
sensory receptorspecialized cell that transmits signals to sensory neurons
interneuronnerve cell located entirely in the central nervous system that integrates sensory information and sends motor commands
motor neuronnerve cell that carries signals from the central nervous system to muscle or gland cells
reflexrapid, automatic response to a stimulus
dendriteneuron fiber that receives signals and carries them toward the cell body
axonneuron fiber that carries electric impulses away from the cell body and toward other cells
myelin sheaththick coat of material that surrounds and insulates the axon of some neurons
nodeuninsulated spaces between the "beads" of myeline sheath where an action potential can be transmitted
resting potentialvoltage across the plasma membrane of a resting neuron
depolarizationvoltage change that occurs when the difference in charge across a membrane decreases
thresholdminimum change in a membrane's voltage that must occur to generate an action potential
action potentialchange in voltage across the plasma membrane of a neuron resulting in a nerve signal
synapsejunction between two neurons or a neuron and another cell where electrical or chemical signals are relayed
synaptic clefttiny space separating a knob of a transmitting neuron from a receiving neuron or other cell
neurotransmitterchemical messenger that carries information from one neuron to another or to another cell
somatic nervous systemsubdivision of the motor division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the voluntary movement of skeletal muscles
autonomic nervous systemsubdivision of the motor division of the peripheral nervous system that regulates the internal environment
sympathetic divisiondivision of the autonomic nervous system that generally prepares the body for energy consuming activities
parasympathetic divisiondivision of the autonomic nervous system that conserves energy
cerebrumlargest and most complex part of the brain, made up of left and right hemispheres
corpus callosumband of nerve fibers that support communication between the two cerebral hemispheres
cerebral cortexthe outer region of the cerebrum containing integration centers for higher brain functions
cerebellumpart of the brain located below the cerebrum and above the spinal cord; planning center that coordinates body movement
brainstemlower section of the brain including the medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain that filters information going to and from the brain
thalamusbrain region that sorts and exerts some control over information going to and from the cerebral cortex
hypothalamusregion of the brain that is the "master control center" of the endocrine system; functions in maintaining homeostasis by regulating temperature, blood pressure, and other conditions
limbic systemsystem of regions of the brain that interact with the cerebral cortex in emotion and memory
sensationawareness of sensory stimuli
perceptionmeaningful interpretation of sensory data by the central nervous system
corneatransparent area at the front of the eye through which light enters
iriscolored part of the eye; controls the amount of light the enters the eye by regulating the size of the pupil
pupilopening in the iris that admits light into the eye
retinainner surface of the eye that is lined with millions of photoreceptor cells
conephotoreceptor cell in the retina that is stimulated in bright light, enabling color vision
rodphotoreceptor in the retina that enables vision in dim light
auditory canalpart of the outer ear that channels sounds from the outside to the eardrum
eardrumsheet of tissue separating the outer ear from the middle ear that vibrates when stimulated by sound waves
auditory tubeair passage between the middle ear and throat that equalizes air pressure on either side of the eardrum
cochleacoiled tube in the inner ear containing hairlike projections that function in hearing
toleranceresistance to a drug's effects such that more of the drug is needed to produce the same effect
addictionuncontrollable dependence on a drug
withdrawalpsychological and/or physical symptoms experienced when a person stops taking a drug to which he or she is addicted
stimulantdrug, such as caffeine, nicotine, and cocaine, that generally increases activity in the central nervous system
depressantdrug such as alcohol or tranquilizers that, in general, slows central nervous system activity
opiatenarcotic, such as morphine or heroin, that is derived from opium poppies
marijuanadrug made from dried pieces of the hemp plant
hallucinogendrug that causes a person to see, hear, and perceive things that do not exist
Ecstasysynthetic drug that causes stimulant-like and hallucinogenic-like effects in the user
inhalantsubstance, such as certain aerosols, whose vapors produce mind-altering effects


(AP) Human Geography Teacher
Lakeville South High School
Lakeville, MN

This activity was created by a Quia Web subscriber.
Learn more about Quia
Create your own activities