| A | B |
|---|
| Prior to the French and Indian war, what term described the British policy of allowing colonies to govern their own day-to-day affairs? | salutary neglect |
| What established a method of determining how much slaves would count towards a state's population? | 3/5 Compromise |
| List the new powers that the federal government was given by the U.S. Constitution | power to tax, power to regulate interstate commerce (trade), power to establish an army and navy, power to coin money |
| Which people could participate in politics during the early years of the United States? | white male property owners |
| What economic problems did the United States face after the American Revolution? | state and national debt, inflation |
| What British Act was the Third Amendment designed to prevent? | Quartering Acts |
| Which British action enabled government officials to search for smuggled goods without a specific warrant? | Writs of Assistance |
| Which rights are protected by the First Amendment in the U.S. Constitution? | freedom of expression (speech), religion, the press, assembly, and petition |
| Which rights are protected by the Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution? | freedom from unreasonable searches and seizures |
| Which rights are guaranteed for the accused by the Fifth Amendment? | right to remain silent, right to due process |
| Which rights are guaranteed for the accused by the Sixth Amendment? | right to a jury trial, right to an attorney |
| Which battle was the turning point in the Revolutionary War that caused an alliance to be formed with France? | Saratoga |
| Who led the Continental Army of the United States against the British in the Revolutionary War? | George Washington |
| In the ideas expressed in the Declaration of Independence, what is government authority based upon? | the consent of the people |
| According to the ideas expressed in the Declaration of Independence, why do citizens form governments? | to protect their inalienable rights (life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness) |
| What may people do if their government abuses their rights, according to the ideas expressed in the Declaration of Independence? | rebel |
| Which battle enabled George Washington and the Continental Army to defeat the British and win U.S. independence? | Yorktown |
| During the early years of the Republic, which group had all of the political power? | white male landowners |
| What political party was founded by Alexander Hamilton? | Federalists |
| What were the main features of Alexander Hamilton's financial plan? | whiskey tax, protective tariffs, assumption of state debt, national bank |
| Why did the Democratic-Republicans oppose the creation of a national bank? | strict interpretation of the Constitution--thought it was unconstitutional |
| What law did the Federalists enact to limit immigration and restrict the right to criticize government officials? | Alien & Sedition Acts |
| Which political party believed in a strict interpretation of the Constitution? | Democratic-Republicans |
| Which resolutions were written to oppose the Alien and Sedition Acts? | Virginia and Kentucky Resolves |
| What principle was supported in the Virginia and Kentucky resolves? | states' rights/nullification |
| What was established by the Judiciary Act of 1789? | federal court system |
| What principle did the Supreme Court establish in the case of Marbury v. Madison? | judicial review |
| What foreign policy was established by President George Washington? | avoid foreign alliances (neutrality) |
| What did President George Washington warn the nation about in his Farewell Address? | maintain neutrality and avoid political parties |
| What treaty enabled western farmers to access the Mississippi River and use the ports in New Orleans? | Pinckney Treaty |
| What treaty was made under the Washington administration to address the issue of British forts on U.S. soil? | Jay Treaty |
| Which issue threatened American sovereignty during Washington's presidency? | British forts on American soil |
| Under the Adams administration, what incident resulted in an undeclared naval war against France? | XYZ Affair |
| Which territory did the United States purchase from France to gain full access to the Mississippi River? | Louisiana Purchase |
| Who did Thomas Jefferson appoint to explore the Louisiana Territory? | Lewis and Clark |
| Whose aid was essential to the success of the Lewis and Clark expedition? | Sacajawea |
| What were the Congressmen who wanted to declare war against Great Britain called? | war hawks |
| Why did the United States declare war against Great Britain in 1812? | impressment, Indian attacks, territorial expansion |
| What was the result of the political fight over the creation of the national bank? | creation of the two-party system |
| At the end of the War of 1812, what battle boosted American nationalism? | Battle of New Orleans |
| What happened after the U.S. defeated the tribes at the Battle of Fallen Timbers? | increased American settlements in Ohio (Treaty of Greenville) |
| Which event proved that the national government would enforce the law under President Washington? | Whiskey Rebellion |
| Which event was an example of a conflict between states' rights and federal power during the War of 1812? | Hartford Convention |
| Which word describes issues that have to do with politics, elections, and government? | political |
| Which word means "having to do with business, money, and taxes? | economic |
| Which word refers to people's culture and the way that they live? | social |
| Which word means "agreeing with the legal requirements of the Constitution? | constitutional |
| Which colony was established by a joint-stock company for economic reasons? | Virginia |
| Which colony was established by the Puritans to be a perfect Christian society? | Massachusetts |
| Which colony was established by the Quakers? | Pennsylvania |
| Which colonies' geography resulted in the development of an economy based on plantation agriculture? | Southern colonies |
| Which economic system helped Britain keep a favorable balance of trade | mercantilism |
| What was the first colonial legislature to be established in the British colonies? | House of Burgesses |
| What document established self-government for the Pilgrims? | Mayflower Compact |
| Which English philosopher said the citizens make a "social contract" to create governments for the protection of their rights? | John Locke |
| After the French and Indian War, which act levied the first-ever direct tax on the colonies? | Stamp Act |
| Protests against the Quartering Act resulted in British troops firing on protestors in which historical event? | Boston Massacre |
| Which historical event involved a protest by the Sons of Liberty against the taxes levied by the Tea Act? | Boston Tea party |
| Which acts were passed by Parliament to try to regain control over the colonists in Boston, Massachusetts? | Coercive or "Intolerable" Acts |
| Which historical event is known as “the shot heard ‘round the world”? | Lexington & Concord |
| What was the primary cause of the American Revolution? | taxation without representation |
| What did Thomas Paine’s Common Sense urge colonists to do? | declare independence from Britain |
| Which document officially listed the reasons that the colonies separated from Great Britain? | Declaration of Independence (1776) |
| Which document established the national government of the United States after the Revolutionary War? | Articles of Confederation |
| Which event showed that a constitutional convention was needed to strengthen the national government? | Shays Rebellion |
| Which plan resulted in the creation of a bicameral Congress for our legislative branch? | Great Compromise/Connecticut plan |
| Which political group supported the ratification of the Constitution? | Federalists |
| Which political group opposed the Constitution because it didn’t have a Bill of Rights? | Anti-Federalists |
| What was the name of the essays that were written to gain support for ratification of the Constituton? | Federalist papers |
| What form of government allows the people to choose representatives who will make and enforce the laws? | republic or representative democracy |
| What features of the U.S. Constitution limit the power of government? | separation of powers and checks & balances |
| At the Constitutional Convention, which plan favored a new government with representation based on population? | Virginia plan |
| At the Constitutional Convention, which plan favored a government with equal representation for each state? | New Jersey plan |
| Which part of the U.S. constitution protects personal freedoms such as expression, right to bear arms, and rights of the accused? | Bill of Rights |
| Which act established a method of organizing and preparing U.S. territories for statehood? | Northwest Ordinance of 1787 |
| Which group was used to fill the labor force on plantations in the English colonies? | African slaves |
| What war was caused by territorial disputes in the Ohio River Valley between Britain and France? | French and Indian War |
| What word defines the national unity expressed during the Era of Good Feelings? | nationalism |
| Which innovation increased the dependence on slavery in the South? | cotton gin |
| What were the primary features of Henry Clay's "American System"? | protective tariffs, internal improvements, national bank |
| Who benefited from protective tariffs? | New England manufacturers |
| Who benefited from internal improvments? | Western farmers |
| Which internal improvement increased the commercial importance of New York City? | Erie Canal |
| What did Samuel Morse invent to improve communication in the mid-1800s? | the telegraph |
| What industry developed in New England during the Industrial Revolution? | textile |
| Which compromise was made in Congress to reduce sectionalism over the issue of slavery? | Missouri Compromise |
| Which word means that the nation is divided because of regional differences between North and South during the mid-1800s? | sectionalism |
| Which Supreme Court decision upheld the supremacy clause and the implied powers of Congress to create a national bank? | McCullough v. Maryland |
| Which political change resulted in the common man's influence in American politics? | universal white male suffrage |
| What government policy was established regarding American Indians under the Jackson administration? | removal (to reservations) |
| Which foreign policy opposed European intervention in the western hemisphere? | Monroe Doctrine |
| What issue caused the S. Carolina Nullification Crisis of 1832? | tariffs |
| What political issues were supported by Southern politicians like John C. Calhoun in the mid-1800s? | nullification/states' rights and slavery |
| Which principle was supported in John C. Calhoun's South Carolina Exposition and Protest? | nullification/states' rights |
| What reform was supported in the Declaration of Sentiments at the Seneca Falls Convention of 1848? | women's suffrage |
| Where did the Jackson administration put federal deposits to kill the national bank (B.U.S.)? | state/"pet" banks |
| Which political party was created to oppose President Andrew Jackson? | Whig party |
| Which historical event was a result of the Indian Removal Act? | Trail of Tears |
| What practice did Andrew Jackson begin to reward political supporters with government offices? | spoils system/patronage |
| What does the word "suffrage" mean? | right to vote |
| What is a tax on imported goods called? | protective tariff |
| What were the "internal improvements" that the state and federal governments invested in during the 1820s and 1830s? | canals and roads |
| Which reform movement had the goal of ending slavery? | abolitionism |
| Which religious revival resulted in the reform movements of the mid-1800s? | Second Great Awakening |
| Which philosophy emphasized individualism and an appreciation for the "truth and beauty to be found in nature"? | transcendentalism |
| Which former slave became a leader in the abolitionist movement? | Frederick Douglass |
| Which abolitionist led the anti-slavery movement as the publisher of "The Liberator"? | William Lloyd Garrison |
| Which reform movement wanted the prohibition of alcohol? | the temperance movement |
| Which reform movement was led by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott? | women's rights |
| Which reform movement(s) were Sarah and Angelina Grimke known for? | abolitionism and women's rights |
| What historical event is associated with the beginning of the women's rights movement? | Seneca Falls Convention |
| Which conflict was a result of "Manifest Destiny"? | the Mexican War |
| Who started the Woman's Rights Movment? | Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott |
| Which event resulted in the passage of more restrictive slave codes in southern states? | Nat Turner's Rebellion |
| What does the word "suffrage" mean? | right to vote |
| What was the result of the Second Great Awakening? | reform movements |
| What was the goal of the temperance movement? | prohibition of alcohol |
| What was a goal of the Declaration of Sentiments created at the Seneca Falls Convention of 1848? | women's suffrage |
| What was the purpose of the "gag" rule passed in Congress during the 1830s? | stop debate on slavery |
| Which word describes the division and rivalry between the North and South during the mid-1800s? | sectionalism |
| Westward expansion was encouraged by which belief? | Manifest Destiny |
| Which historical event is associated with the Texas war for independence from Mexico? | the Alamo |
| Which sectional issue prevented the annexation of Texas to the Union in 1836? | slavery |
| "54'40 or Fight" is associated with James K. Polk's campaign to acquire which territory? | Oregon |
| Which group moved westward during the mid-1800s to escape religious persecution? | the Mormons |
| Which conflict was a result of "Manifest Destiny"? | the Mexican War |
| Which territory did the U.S. acquire as a result of the Mexican War? | the Mexican Cession |
| Which territories were part of the Mexican Cession? | California, New Mexico and Utah territories |
| Which territory was purchased to acquire land for the construction of a southern transcontinental railroad route? | the Gadsden Purchase |
| What did the United States acquire in the Adams-Onis treaty? | Florida |
| What proposal did anti-slavery representatives make to ban slavery in the territory taken from Mexico? | Wilmot Proviso |
| How did the dispute with Great Britain over Oregon get settled? | treaty |
| What does annexation mean? | add territory |
| What acts were passed to reduce sectionalism over the issue of slavery in the Mexican Cession? | Compromise of 1850 |
| What method was used to settle the slavery issue in the Kansas-Nebraska Act? | popular sovereignty |
| What was the network of abolitionists who helped slaves escape to freedom called? | Underground Railroad |
| Who is best known for their involvement with the Underground Railroad? | Harriet Tubman |
| Which novel increased sectionalism in America on the issue of slavery? | Uncle Tom's Cabin |
| What was the Republican Party platform based on in 1860? | no slavery in new states/territories |
| Which court case supported the extension of slavery into new territories? | Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857) |
| What issue were the Lincoln-Douglas debates about? | slavery in the territories |
| What did Senator Stephen Douglas support on the issue of slavery? | popular sovereignty |
| Which historical event led to the formation of the Confederacy? | 1860 presidential election of Abraham Lincoln |
| What does "secession" mean? | to separate from the Union |
| What were the southern states that seceded from the Union called? | The Confederate States of America (C.S.A.) or Confederacy |
| What did the Compromise of 1850 do? | added California as a free state; popular sovereignty in New Mexico and Utah; Fugitive Slave Act |
| Which people were not citizens in the 1850s according to the Supreme Court's decision in the case of Dred Scott v. Sanford? | African-Americans |
| What was Republican candidate Abraham Lincoln's position on slavery? | no slavery in the new states/territories |
| What were the people who wanted to ban slavery called in the 1850s? | abolitionists |
| Which radical abolitionist tried to start a slave revolt at Harper's Ferry, Virginia in 1859? | John Brown |
| What does "secession" mean? | to separate from the Union |
| What were the southern states that seceded from the Union called? | The Confederate States of America (C.S.A.) or Confederacy |
| What were the primary features of the Union army's "Anaconda Plan"? | naval blockade, control the Mississippi River, capture Richmond |
| What was Abraham Lincoln's primary goal in the Civil War? | preserve the union |
| Who became the most important commander of Confederate forces during the Civil War? | Robert E. Lee |
| Which general is most responsible for winning the Civil War? | Ulysses S. Grant |
| Which proclamation was issued by Abraham Lincoln to make abolition of slavery a new war-time goal for the Union? | The Emancipation Proclamation |
| Which battle was key turning point in the Civil War, resulting in a defeat of Lee's army? | Gettysburg |
| Which battle gave the Union control over the Mississippi River? | Vicksburg |
| During the Civil War, what military campaign tried to destroy the South's resources and support for the war? | Sherman's March to the Sea |
| What ended the Civil War? | Robert E. Lee's surrender to Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox |
| Where did the Civil War begin? | Fort Sumter (1861) |
| What was the first major battle of the Civil War? | First Bull Run (Manassas-1861) |
| What was the primary issue that resulted in secession? | slavery |
| What issue was the primary cause of the Civil War? | states' rights |
