| A | B |
|---|
| the immediate care you give someone | first aid |
| gives legal protection to people who willingly provide emergency care without accepting anything in return | Good Samaritan Laws |
| assumes that the person would agree to care, but they are unable to respond due to their condition | implied consent |
| reasons to move the victim | unsafe scene, can't give care where they are, have to reach another more seriously injured victim |
| a method of prioritizing treatment | triage |
| methods of preventing disease transmission | avoid contact with blood and body fluids, use protective equipment, wash hands, dispose of waste in biohazard bags, be careful of "sharps" |
| hypoperfusion | shock |
| treatment for shock | keep warm, elevate legs above level of heart (about 12 inches) |
| diaphoresis | excessive perspiration |
| convulsion | a type of seizure, strong involuntary contractions of muscles |
| treatment for seizures | keep comfortable, protect from injury by moving nearby objects, cushion the head |
| cerebral vascular accident | stroke |
| causes of stroke | bleeding in the brain or blocked cerebral blood vessel by a clot |
| treatment for a stroke caused by a clot | TPA or another thrombolytic (clot busting) drug within first 3 hours |
| occurs when there is a temporary reduction in the blood supply to the brain | fainting |
| treatment for fainting | elevate feet like in shock, keep flat until color improves, allow to get up gradually |
| MI | myocardial infarction, heart attack |
| occurs when one of the coronary arteries supplying blood to the heart is blocked | heart attack |
| signs/symptoms of a heart attack | cold sweat, indigestion, chest discomfort of some kind, discomfort in other upper body areas, lightheadedness |
| treatment for a heart attack | encourage to relax and not move, be ready to start cpr or treat for shock |
| a metabolic disorder caused by a lack or insufficient production of insulin | diabetes |
| too much sugar in the blood stream | diabetic coma/emergency |
| too much insulin in the blood stream | insulin shock/ low blood sugar |
| signs and symptoms of low blood sugar | confusion, dizziness, sleepiness, hunger, thirst, weakness, sweating, pale skin color |
| treatment for low blood sugar | if conscious give some form of sugar |
| injury to soft tissues | wound |
| open wound | break in skin or mucous membrane |
| closed wound | injury occurs to underlying tissues |
| possible causes of closed wounds | car crash, fall from a height, seat belt injury, sports injuries, blows to the chest or abdomen |
| skin scraped off | abrasion |
| cut or injury by sharp object, edges are smooth | incision |
| tearing of the tissues by force, edges are jagged | laceration |
| caused by sharp object like pin, nail | puncture |
| tissue is separated from the victim's body, is hanging on | avulsion |
| body part is completely cut off | amputation |
| first priority in caring for major wounds | controlling bleeding |
| spurts, bright red, heavy blood loss | arterial blood |
| slow, steady, dark red/maroon, easier to control blood | venous blood |
| oozes slowly, clots easily, less red | capillary blood |
| first method of choice to control bleeding | direct pressure |
| The four methods in order of use to control bleeding | direct pressure, elevation, pressure bandage, pressure points |
| What you do if blood soaks through a dressing | apply a second dressing over the first and continue to apply pressure |
| Where you should tie off a pressure bandage | directly over the wound/dressings |
| What you should check after applying a pressure bandage | pulse, perfusion- to check circulation |
| the two extremity pressure points | brachial, upper inside arm and the femoral, at the crease of the upper leg/thigh by groin |
| first priority of minor bleeding | prevention of infection |
| what to do with embedded objects | leave in place and secure dressing and bandages around it |
| position for people with nose injuries | sitting with head leaning forward |
| What you should do with an amputated body part | keep cool so it can be reattached |
| what you should do with a knocked out tooth | put in milk, don't touch the root, so it can be reattached |
| what you should do for wounds that break through the abdominal wall with organs pushing out | cover the organs with a moist, sterile dressing and cover with plastic wrap |
| a sterile covering placed over a wound | dressing |
| materials used to hold dressings in place | bandages |
| triangular bandage folded into a band of cloth | cravat |
| treatment for bites | clean wound with running water and soap if available |
| treatment for insect stings | wash the sting area and use ice bag to reduce swelling |
| bad allergic reaction | anaphylaxis |
| hives | urticaria |
| treatment for allergic reaction | if have an epi-pen, use it |
| epi-pens use what medication | epinephrine |
| treatment for poison on skin, eyes | run water over the contaminated areas for at least 20 minutes |
| cold, numb, hard, waxy skin | frostbite |
| treatment for frostbite | remove wet clothing and move the victim to a warm place |
| low body temperature | hypothermia |
| treatment for hypothermia | remove wet clothing, cover with a blanket, put near a heat source |
| painful muscle spasms from loss of water and salt through perspiration | heat cramps |
| treatment for heat cramps | firm pressure to cramped muscle, move to a cooler area, small sips of water |
| sweating | diaphoresis |
| heat injury with loss of luids through sweating, cool moist pale, or flushed skin, headache | heat exhaustion |
| treatment for heat exhaustion | move to a cooler area, fan the person, apply cool clothes, elevate feet, give small amounts of water to drink |
| caused by prolonged exposure to high temperatures, body isn't able to eliminate the heat, normal sweating stops | heat stroke |
| treatment for heat stroke | cool the body quickly, tub of cool water or ice packs on wrists, armpits, groin and ankles |
| break in a bone | fracture |
| bone break with intact skin | closed or simple fracture |
| bone break accompanied by open wound on the skin | compound or open fracture |
| treatment for a fracture | keep the bone from moving |
| when the end of a bone is either displaced from a joint or out of normal position | dislocation |
| injury to the tissues surrounding a joint | sprain |
| an overstretching of a muscle, caused by overexertion or lifting | strain |
| treatment for a strain | rest the muscle, apply cold to reduce swelling |
| how long a splint should be | long enough to immobilize the joint above and below the injured area |
| how to check to makre sure the splint isn't too tight | check the skin temperature, the skin color, check for swelling, numbness, tingling and pulse |
| how slings should be applied | hand higher than the elbow, don't tie the knot directly over the spine, move the limb as little as possible |
| how you should turn a person with a suspected spine injury | log roll, keeping spine straight |
| burn that involves the top layer of skin | first degree or superficial |
| burn that involves dermis and epidermis, blisters form, skin is red and appears wet | second degree, partial-thickness burn |
| most severe type of burn, involves all layers of skin and underlying tissue | third degree, full-thickness burn |
| treatment for first and second degree burns | cool the affected area by flushing it with large amounts of cool water |
| treatment for third degree burns | cool the area, after the pain subsides, use dry sterile, nonadhesive dressing over the burns, elevate the affected part to reduce swelling. |
