| A | B |
|---|
| eyes forward, body erect, arms/legs hanging down, palms/toes forward | anatomical position |
| cuts body from front to back at the middle in equal parts | midsagittal plane |
| cuts the body from front to back at any point | sagittal plane |
| parallel to ground, divides body at any point | transverse or horizantal plane |
| towards the top | superior aspect |
| towards the bottom | inferior aspect |
| divides the body from left to right at any point | coronal or frontal plane |
| towards the front | anterior/ventral aspect |
| towards the back | posterior/dorsal aspect |
| the two ventral cavities | thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity |
| cavity that contains the heart and lungs | thoracic cavity |
| cavity that contains the digestive, reproductive and excretory organs | abdominal cavity |
| number of quadrants of the abdomen | four- URQ, ULQ,LRQ and LLQ |
| number of divisons/regions of the abdomen | nine |
| Thoracic | chest area of the back, has 12 bones |
| Lumbar | the back just at and below the waist, has 5 bones |
| Sacral | lower back, below lumbar , has 5 bones |
| coccyx | area of the tail bone, has 3-5 bones |
| cervical | neck area of the back, has 7 bones |
| GU | genitourinary system |
| genitourinary | contains reproductive and urinary systems |
| CNS | central nervous system |
| Central nervous system | contains the brain and spinal cord |
| CV | Cardiovascular system |
| cardiovascular system | contains the heart and blood vessels |
| GI | Gastrointestinal system |
| Gastrointestinal system | contains mouth, throat, esophagus, stomach, duodenum, small and large intestine, appendix, rectum, anus |
| MS | Musculoskeletal system |
| Musculoskeletal system | contains the bones and muscles |
| URI | Upper respiratory infection |
| ROM | range of motion |
| supine | face up position |
| prone | face down position |
| abduction | movement away from the center of the body |
| adduction | movement toward the center of the body |
| inversion | turned inward toward the center of the body |
| eversion | turned outward away from the center of the body |
| medial | middle |
| lateral | either side |
| proximal | close to |
| distal | farthest from |
| parietal | relating to the wall of a body cavity |
| visceral | pertaining to the outer covering of an organ |
| medi- | middle |
| disto- | away from, distant |
| latero- | side |
| postero- | back |
| caudal | towards the tail |
| hist/o | tissue |
| cyt/o | cell |
| nucle/o | nucleus |
| infra-, -sub | below,under |
| ganglion | mass of nerve tissue- singular |
| ganglia | masses of nerve tissue- plural |
| cervix | neck of uterus- singular |
| cervices | necks of uterus- plural |
| ovum | egg- singular |
| ova | eggs- plural |
| lumen | tubular opening- singular |
| lumina | tubular openings- plural |
| maxilla | jawbone- singular |
| maxillae | jawbones- plural |
| apex | top part- singular |
| apices | top parts- plural |
| bacillus | microorganism- singular |
| bacilli | microorganisms- plural |
| diagnosis | statement of condition- singular |
| diagnoses | statements of conditions- plural |
| thorax | chest- singular |
| thoraces | chests- plural |
| arteri/o | arteries |
| enter/o | intestine |
| lapar/o | abdomen |
| lith/o | stone |
| oste/o | bone |
| ur/o, uria | urine |
| arthr/o | joint |
| thoroc/o | chest |
| col/o | colon |
| gastr/o | stomach |
| cephal/o | head |
| chol/e | bile |
| cyst/o | bladder |
| nephr/o | kidney |
| angi/o | vessels |
| hydr/o | fluid, water |
| neur/o | nerve |
| hem/o | blood |
| cardi/o | heart |
| erythr/o | red |
| carcin/o | tumor |
| fibr/o | fibrous |
| lip/o | fat |
| derm/a | skin |
| steth/o | chest |
| spir/o | breathe |
| pelv/i | pelvis |
| bronch/o | breathing passages, bronchial tubes |
| aden/o | gland |
| adren/o | adrenal gland |
| appendic/o | appendix |
| arthr/o | joint |
| blephar/o | eyelid |
| bucc/o | cheek |
| cephal/o | head |
| cervix | neck of uterus |
| chole/o | gall bladder |
| col/o | colon |
| crani/o | skull |
| cyst/o | urinary bladder |
| dactyl | fingers/toes |
| derm/o | skin |
| enter/o | intestines |
| gingival | gum |
| hem/o | blood/ blood vessels |
| his/to | tissue |
| lapar/o | abdomen |
| lip/o | fat |
| mast, mamm | breast |
| myelo | spinal cord/ bone marrow |
| naso, rhino | nose |
| neuron | nerve |
| odont | tooth |
| ophthalm | eye |
| later/o | side |
| angi/o | vessel/ blood vessel |
| arteri/o | artery |
| aur/o, ot/o | ear |
| bronchus | bronchial tube |
| cardi/o | heart |
| cerebr/o | largest part of brain |
| cheil | lip |
| chondr/o | cartilege |
| cost/o | rib |
| cut | skin |
| cyt | cell |
| dent | tooth |
| dors/o | back |
| gastr/o | stomach |
| gloss, lingua | tongue |
| hepat | liver |
| hyster | uterus |
| myo | muscle |
| myring | eardrum (tympanic membrane) |
| nephr/o, ren | kidney |
| ocular | eye |
| oophor/o | ovary |
| orch/o | testis |
| oss | bone |
| oto | ear |
| phleb/o | vein |
| pleura | pleur |
| pulmon | lung |
| salpingo | fallopian tube |
| spondyl | vertebra (backbone) |
| thorac | chest |
| valv | valve |
| vena | vein |
| osteo | bone |
| pedes, pod | foot |
| phren | diaphragm |
| pneum | lung, air |
| proct | anus and rectum |
| pyelo | renal pelvis |
| splen/o | spleen |
| stoma | mouth |
| utero | ureter |
| vaso | vessel, duct, vas deferens |
| ventr/o | belly side of body/front |
| -itis | inflammation/infection |
| -gram | recording |
| -ectasis | dilation, expansion |
| -emia | blood condition |
| -pathy | disease |
| -oma | tumor |
| -penia | decreased amt, deficiency |
| -megaly | enlarged |
| -philia | love, attraction |
| -rrhea | discharge, flow |
| -phobia | abnormal fear |
| -sclerosis | abnormal hardening |
| -osis | abnormal condition |
| -ostomy | artificial mouth, opening |
| -algia | pain, painful condition |
| -tripsy | crush |
| -centesis | to puncture |
| -pexy | fix, suspend |
| -desis | fuse, bind together |
| -clasis | breaking, refracture |
| -otomy | incision into,cut |
| -plasty | surgical repair |
| -rhaphy | to suture |
| -ectomy | removal, excision, resection, cut out |
| -rrhage | burst forth, rupture |
| -steno | narrow |
| -plegia | paralysis |
| -iasis | formation or presence |
| -cele | swelling, hernia |
| -malacia | softening |
| -meter | an instrument that measures |
| -metry | the process of measuring |
| -gram | the record, drawing |
| -graph | the machine that records or draws |
| -graphy | the process of drawing, or recording |
| -scope | the instrument used to observe or visually examin |
| -scopy | the process of observing or visually examining |
| -tome | a cutting instrument |
| -toxic | poison |
| -stasis | standing still, static |
| -poeisis | production |
| -lysis | separate, destroy |
| -phagia | eating, swallowing |
| -phasia | speech |
| -ism | condition of |
| -er | one who |
| -ist | a person who specializes |
| -logy | study of |
| -ia | disease condition |
| -is | the |
| -ac, -al, -ar, -ary, - ic, -ical, -ous, -ory | adjective suffix- pertaining to |
| -ole, -icle, -ule, -ula | diminuitive suffix- smaller version of itself |
| -sclerosis | abnormal hardening |
| -stenosis | narrowing |
| -penia | decreased amount |
| epi- | upon, on, above |
| hemi- | half |
| a,an- | no, not, without |
| semi- | half |
| extra- | outside |
| multi- | many |
| endo- | in/within |
| dorso- | back of (body) |
| chloro- | green |
| cirrho- | orange/yellow |
| erythro- | red |
| leuko- | white |
| cyano- | blue |
| polio- | gray |
| melano- | black |
| uni- | one |
| mon/o- | one |
| bi- | two |
| di-, | two |
| tri- | three |
| quadri- | four |
| tetra- | four |
| pseudo- | false |
| retro- | behind, back |
| intra- | within, into |
| contra- | against, opposite |
| pan- | all |
| hypo- | below, under, less than normal |
| primi- | first |
| hyper- | above, excessive |
| ante- | before, forward |
| anti- | against |
| brady- | slow |
| sub- | under |
| dia- | complete, through |
| diplo- | double |
| dys- | bad, painful, difficult, abnormal |
| ec- | out, outside |
| epi- | above,upon, on |
| circum- | around |
| im- | not, no |
| inter- | between |
| sinistro- | left |
| purpuro- | purple |
| super-, supra- | above, beyone, superior |
| ambi- | both, both sides |
| mid- | middle |
| sym- | union, together |
| en- | in |
| dextro- | right |
| radio- | transmitting x-rays |
| tachy- | fast, rapid |
| brady- | slow |
| ortho- | straight, upright, verticle |
| poly- | many |
| pre- | before |
| post- | after |
| thermo- | heat |
| eu- | true, good, new |
| -paresis | slight paralysis, weakness |
| ab- | away from |
| ad- | toward |
| amnio- | pertaining to the amniotic sac |
| ante-, antero- | in front of |
| bacterio- | having to do with bacteria |
| spiro- | breathe |
| athero- | clumpy deposits |
| -dynia | pain |
| kerato- | corneo |
| laryngo- | pertaining to the voice box, larynx |
| tono- | tone, tension |
| -tony | tension |
| -tension, -tensive | pressure |
| myelo- | spinal cord, bone marrow |
| encephalo-, cerebro- | of the brain |
| gyneco- | woman |
| kal/i | potassium |
| natr/i | sodium |
| phon/o | sound |
| -ptysis | spitting |
| pyo- | pus |
| -ology | study of |
| -ist | person who |
| arthro- | joint |
| kinesia- | movement |
| teno- | tendon |
| embolo- | embolus |
| embolus | blood clot |
| commissuro- | place where two parts join, valve |
| anti- | against |
| -analysis | examination, analyze |
| meningi- | membranes that surround the brain |
| episio- | vulva |
| urethro- | urethra |
| prostato- | prostrate |
| vas- | vas deferens |
| amnio- | amniotic sac or fluid |
| tomo- | sections |
| gluco-, glyco- | glucose, sugar |
| kerat/o- | cornea |
| audi/o- | hearing |
| mastoid- | bone behind the ear |
| -ptosis | drooping |
| blephar/o | eyelid |
| kerat/o- | corn, thickened tissue |
| parasite | lives off of someone or something else |
| ambidextrous | able to use both hands |
| neurotic | person who isover anxious, always worried |
| insomniac | person with difficulty sleeping at night |
| hypochondriac | person who imagines they are sick |
| acriphobic | person who fears heights |
| syndrome | set of symptoms, no specific disease |
| superficial | on the surface |
| inguinal | groin |
| abdominopelvic regions | Left Upper Quadrant, Right Upper Quadrant, Left Lower Quadrant, Right Lower Quadrant |
| URI | upper respiratory infection |
| axis | second cervical vertebra that allows the head to turn from side to side |
| atlas | first cervical vertebra that supports the head |
| necrosis | tissue death |
| ankylosis | bones fused together |
| osteoporosis | weakened, "holey" bones |
| greenstick fracture | break not completely through the bone, bends and partially breaks, common in children |
| simple fracture | fracture that stays within the skin |
| compound fracture | fracture in which the skin is broken |
| impacted fracture | fracture in which one end of the bone is wedged into the other |
| kyphosis | curving of the spine into a hump |
| scoliosis | curving of the spine sideways or in an "S" |
| lordosis | curving of the spine inward |
| spondylo- | joints between the spine |
| biopsy | removal of a small piece of tissue for microcopic examination |
| atrophy | "no muscle", wasting away of muscle |
| torticollis | twisted neck |
| sprain | muscle/tissue damage due to twisting of joint that causes swelling and pain |
| origin and insertion | where the muscles attach to the bones |
| agonist and antagonist | prime mover muscle, return muscle |
| pectoralis | chest muscle |
| gluteus maximus | buttocks muscle |
| gastrocnemius | calf muscle |
| vastus lateralis | thigh muscle |
| CBR | complete bed rest |
| THR | total hip replacement |
| BRP | bathroom privileges |
| ABG | arterial blood gases |
| ADH | antidiuretic hormone, produced by pituitary gland to regulate the amount of water retained in the body |
| diuretic | medication that helps excrete fluid |
| FBS | fasting blood sugar |
| GTT | glucose tolerance test |
| flex | bend |
| arteries | blood vessels that leave the heart |
| vein | blood vessels that return to the heart |
| capillaries | blood vessels that bridge between arteries and veins, this is where oxygen is exchanged with the body tissues |
| chambers | hollow cavities of the heart that pump the blood |
| hypertension | high blood pressure |
| rrhythmia- | rhythm of the heart |
| electro- | electric, electricity |
| echo- | sound waves |
| rhythm strip | recording from an electrocardiogram |
| ECG, EKG | electrocardiogram |
| prolapse | collapse, drooping of |
| catheterization | placing a tube into |
| micturate, void, urinate | pee-ing, emptying your bladder |
| circumcision | removal or prepuce |
| prepuce | skin over the foreskin on a penis |
| ischemia | restriction in blood supplye |
| reflux | backflow |
| pyelo- | having to do with the pelvis of the kidneys |
| estrogenic hormones | female hormones that are used to treat prostate cancer |
| ejaculation | ejecting of semen |
| gestation | pregnancy |
| ovulation | producing an ovum |
| peristalsis | wave-like movements that propel or transport along |
| testosterone | hormone necessary for the development of the male sec characteristics |
| TSS | toxic shock syndrome, severe staph infection, can occur from not changing tampons frequently |
| PAP smear | cervical smear test developed by Dr. Papanicolau to test for cancer, precancer changes in the cervix cells |
| larynx | vocal chords |
| uvula | connective tissue that hangs down from the middle of the soft palate |
| epiglottis | flap of tissue that covers the trachea during swallowing |
| adenoids | pharyngeal tonsils |
| pharynx | throat |
| trachea | windpipe |
| diaphragm | muscles that moves up and down to expand the lungs/allow you to breathe |
| atelectasis | alveoli collapse |
| alveoli | small balloon like structures in the lungs where the oxygen is exchanged with the capillaries |
| coryza | common cold |
| fatigue | overwhelming tiredness |
| gingiva | gum tissues |
| palate | hard and soft tissues on the roof of your mouth |
| cardiac sphincter | muscular valve between the esophagus and the stomach which prevents food from going back into the esophagus |
| perforated | having a hole in it |
| ulcer | break in the skin, stomach, intestines linings |
| pruritis | itching |
| volvulus | twisted bowel |
| intrassusception | bowel folded in on itself |
| icterus, jaundice | yellowing of the skin |
| esophagus | gullet, tube that carries food to your stomach from your mouth |
| stool | b.m., bowel movement |
| occult | hidden, can't be seen |
| aerophagia | swalling air |
| rectocele | bulge of the rectum into the vagina |
| rectum | final portion of the large intestine |
| vagina | tube that leads from the uterus to the outside of the body |
| cleft palate | slit or opening in the palate, roof of the mouth |
| integumentary | means "covering", the skin and hair |
| endocrine system | system of glands and the hormones they release, regulates hormones like insulin |
| pituitary gland | "master" gland, helps in the development of the sexual organs |
| acromegaly | excess growth hormone, grows tall and big |
| dwarfism | lack of growth hormone, stays short |
| cretinism | severely stunted physical and mental growth from lack of thyroid hormone |
| seizures | convulsions, spasmodic uncontrolled movement episodes |
| tetany | involuntary muscle contraction and spasms often from low parathyroid hormones |
| serum glucose | blood sugar |
| insulin | hormone that helps regulate blood sugar |
| CNS | central nervous system, brain and spinal cord |
| peripheral nervous system | all nerves outslde of the brain and spinal cord |
| occluded | blocked or constricted |
| opiate | narcotic |
| CSF | cerebral spinal fluid, located in the spinal canal |
| olfactory nerves | nerves of smell |
| semicircular canals | in the ear, responsible for balance and sense of position |
| ossicles | three smallest bones in the middle ear |
| inner canthi | corner of the eye where the eyelids meet |
| lacrimal ducts | tear ducts |
| conjunctiva | tin, transparent tissue that covers the outside of the eye |
| extropia | eyes turn upward |
| esotropia | eyes turn inward |
| myopia | nearsighted |
| hyperopia | far sighted |
| strabismus | crossed eyes |
| edema | swelling of tissues |
| sty | hardened, inflamed area on eyelid near the lashes |
| enucleation | removal of the entire eyeball |
| evisceration | removal of the contents |
| otitis media | middle ear infection or inflammation |
| areola | dark cicle of tissue around the nipple |
| benign | non-cancerous, not dangerous |
| malignant | causing harm, spreading |
| neoplasm | tumor |
| astringent | draws together, constricts body tissues |
| albino | deficient pigmentation |
| adipose | body fat |
| squamous | flat top skin cells |
| gynecomastia | overdevelopment of the male breast |
| Ung. | unguent, an ointment medication |
| acne | infection of sebaceous glands |
| chronic | over time |
| acute | new, presently |
| sebaceous | skin glands that secrete oil |
| flat bone examples | cranial bones, sternum |
| sternum | flat bone in the middle of the chest that the ribs attach to |
| phalanges | finger bones |
| vertebrae | spine bones |
| carpals and tarsals | wrist and ankle bones |
| scratch test | test done to test for allergies by scratching the skin with small amounts of allergens to see if the skin reacts. |
