| A | B |
|---|
| the function of the breathing system is | to move air in an out of the lungs |
| the function of the lungs | is to exchange the gasescarbon dioxide and oxygen between the air in the lungs and the blood |
| the upper part of the body | thorax |
| the thorax is separated from the lower part of the body | by the diaphragm |
| the diaphragm | is a sheet of muscle |
| the windpipe | is also called the trachea |
| the trachea splits into | the right and left bronchi |
| bronchi divide into | smaller tubes called bronchioles |
| at the end of bronchioles | are tiny air sacs called alveoli |
| gas exchange occurs in | alveoli |
| rings of cartilage | ensure the trachea stays open |
| specialised cells which line the trachea produce mucus | goblet cells |
| hair-like structures which move to keep mucus out of the lungs | cilia |
| asthma is triggered by | house dust mites, animal fur, pollen, smoke, tobacco |
| effects of asthma | narrowing of airways, shortness of breath, coughing. |
| alveoli provide | a large surface area for gas exchange |
| gases move into the blood | by diffusion |
| gases enter and leave a leaf | through stomata (tiny holes under the leaf) |
| when breathing in | the diaphragm contracts and moves down |
| when breathing out | the diaphragm relaxes and moves upwards |
| breathing in causes | air to be forced into the lungs |
| breathing out causes | air to be forced out of the lungs |
| breathing is controlled by | the ribs and the diaphragm |
| arteries | take blood away from the heart |
| veins | bring blood into the heart |
| oxygenated blood | contains oxygen |
| red blood cells carry oxygen | because they contain haemoglobin |
| deoxygenated blood | does not contain oxygen |
| the left side of the heart | pumps blood to the body |
| the right side of the heart | pumps blood to the lungs |
| the heart has | 4 chambers |
| the heart is supplied with blood | from the coronary artery |
| oart of the blood which carries oxygen | red blood cells |
| the liquid part of the blood | plasma |
| platelets | help blood to clot |
| the part of the blood which defends the body | white blood cells |
