| A | B |
|---|
| Mutation | Any change in the DNA |
| Mutations | germ cell, somatic cell, and chromosome |
| Chromosome Mutations | Deletion, Inversion, Translocation, Nondisjunction |
| Nondisjunction | Failure to separate properly during anaphase of meiosos |
| Trisomy | one cell -> three chromosomes |
| Monosomy | one cell -> one chromosome |
| Down's Syndrome | trisomy of chromosome pair 21 |
| Trisomy & Monosomy Effects | Klinefelter's Syndrome, Turner's Syndrome |
| Deletion | a piece is lost |
| Inversion | a piece inverts |
| Translocation | a piece breaks and reattaches to a nonhomolog |
| Point Mutation | addition, deletion, or substitution of a single N base |
| Mutagens | cause change in DNA; smoke, chemicals, UV |
| Genetic Screening | study of a person's genetics |
| Karyotype | picture of the chromosome |
| Amniocentesis | amniotic sample |
| Fetoscopy | fiberoptic camera |
| Ultrasound | high frequency sound |
| Linkage Group | Genes on one chromosome; always equals the number of chromsomes |
| Chromosome Mapping | diagram of allele positions on a chromosome; based on the rate of crossing over |
