| A | B |
|---|
| tumor | large mass of cells |
| benign tumor | resemebles the tissue it came from; grows slowly and remains localized where it developed |
| malignant tumor | does not look like parent tissue; often have irregular structure; can invade surrounding tissue and spread in body through bloodstream and lymph system |
| metastasis | spread of malignant cells to different parts of body than where they originally developed, lodging and continuing to grow and establish a tumor at the new site |
| agents that cause cancer | viruses; chemicals in cigarette smoke, pesticides, etc.; UV radiation; X rays |
| apoptosis | programmed cell death; occurs when a cell is no longer needed by an organism |
| necrosis | cell death as the result of damage by mechanical means or toxins, or starved of oxygen or nutrients |
| bacterial chromosomes | only one; circular; not many genes |
| eukaryotic chromosomes | many; linear; have many genes |
| centrioles | part of the centrosome; organizes the spindle fibers |
| microtubules | hollow protein tubes that make up the spindle fibers |
| centrosome | area that organizes the spindle fibers |
| centromere | area where sister chromatids are still attached |
| kinetochore | place on centromere of chromatid where spindle fibers attach |
| kinetochore spindle fiber | attach to chromatids to pull sister chromatids apart |
| polar spindle fiber | meet in middle of cell and push against each other to help cell grow |
| mitosis | nuclear division |
