| A | B |
|---|
| active listening | listening for meaning |
| bandwagon | propaganda technique that encourages listeners to join a group that favors a particular person, product, or idea because it's popular |
| begging the question | type of false reasoning in which speakers assume the truth or falsity of a statement without supplying proof |
| card -stacking | type of false reasoning in which speakers select only the evidence and arguments for the side that they support |
| creative listening | receiving another's ideas but using them to generate one's own creative ideas |
| credibility | believability |
| critical listening | examining informative or persuasive messages and drawing conclusions |
| cultural barriers | learned responses that predispose one to see things a particular way |
| either / or | propaganda technique that poses arguments between two opposite choices, failing to take into account other possibilities |
| emotional appeals | propaganda technique that assumes that the listener shares the emotional responses of the speaker |
| empathetic listening | listening to discern another person's feelings and emotions |
| evaluating | judging the worth or importance of something |
| external barriers | environmental hindrances to listening |
| false generalization | type of false reasoning in which speakers don't have enough evidence to support a broad conclusion, or they selectively leave out details and come to a quick conclusion |
| false premise | type of false reasoning in which speakers begin with false assumptions that are assumed to be true |
| glittering generalities | type of false reasoning in which speakers use vague or general words or phrases that express an attitude or idea that has popular support |
| inductive reasoning | identifying facts and linking them together to support a specific conclusion |
| informational listening | listening for content and attempting to identify the speaker's purpose, main ideas, and supporting details |
| interpreting | understanding |
| listener barriers | psychological blocks to effective listening |
| loaded words | propaganda technique that uses language that evokes strong feelings and attitueds in the listener to sway an argument |
| logical fallacies | false methods of reasoning |
| name calling | propaganda technique that uses a negative term to refer to a group or an idea without providing evidence or proof |
| non sequitur | type of false reasoning in which speakers assert something that doesn't follow logically or that deals with a totally different subject |
| opinionatedness | adhering to one's preconceived notions |
| prejudice | judgment made before all facts are known |
| propaganda | form of persuasion that discourages listeners from making an independent choiuce b stating opinions as though they are accepted truths |
| speaker barriers | obstacles to listening that originate with the speaker |
| stereotypes | propaganda technique that applies preconceived notions to a person based on his or her membership in a group. |
| testimonial | type of false reasoning in which speakers use an authority or a well-known person to endorse a particular subject or position to gain the listener's approval |
| transfer | propaganda technique that makes an illogical connection between unrelated things |
