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| Triangular Trade | A historical term indicating trade among three parts or regions |
| Act of Toleration | The Maryland Toleration Act, also know as the Act Concerning Religion, was a law mandating religious tolerance for Trinitarian Christians. Passed on April 21, 1649 by the assembly of the Maryland colony in St. Mary's City |
| Quaker | A member of the Religious Society of Friends, a Christian movement founded by George Fox circa 1650 and devoted to peaceful principles |
| Mercantilism | Belief in the benefits of profitable trading; commercialism |
| Fundamental Orders of Connecticut | This document was the first written constitution in North America. Written by Puritan clergymen, The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut was adopted by the residents of Hartford, Windsor, and Wethersfield and remained the colony's law until 1662. |
| Freeman | a person who is entitled to full political and civil rights |
| Sons of Liberty | In the popular imagination, the Sons of Liberty was a formal underground organization with recognized members and leaders. More likely, the name was an underground term for any men resisting new Crown taxes and laws. |
| Stamp Act Congress | or First Congress of the American Colonies, was a meeting held between October 7 and 25, 1765 in New York City, consisting of representatives from some of the British colonies in North America |
| Stamp Act | an act of the British Parliament in 1756 that exacted revenue from the American colonies by imposing a stamp duty on newspapers and legal and commercial documents. |
| Sugar Act | also known as the American Revenue Act or the American Duties Act, was a revenue-raising act passed by the Parliament of Great Britain on April 5, 1764. |
| Treaty of Paris 1783 | Treaty that officially ended the Revolutionary War on September 3, 1783. It was signed in Paris by Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, and John Jay. Under the terms of the treaty, Britain recognized the independent nation of the United States of America. |
| Albany Plan of Union | 754. The Albany Plan of Union was a plan to place the British North American colonies under a more centralized government. |
| Proclamation Line 1763 | The proclamation created a boundary line (often called the proclamation line) between the British colonies on the Atlantic coast and American Indian lands (called the Indian Reserve) west of the Appalachian Mountains. |
| Squanto | Tisquantum, also known as Squanto, was the Native American who assisted the Pilgrims after their first winter in the New World and was integral to their survival. He was a member of the Patuxet tribe, a tributary of the Wampanoag Confederacy. |
| Mayflower Compact | The first governing document of Plymouth Colony. |
| Charter | One of the three classes of colonial government established in the 17th century. |
| House of Burgesses | The first legislative assembly of elected representatives in North America. |
| Separatists | a person who supports the separation of a particular group of people from a larger body on the basis of ethnicity, religion, or gender. "religious separatists" |
| Salutary Neglect | British policy of avoiding strict enforcement of parliamentary laws, meant to keep the American colonies obedient to England. |
| Puritans | a member of a group of English Protestants of the late 16th and 17th centuries who regarded the Reformation of the Church of England under Elizabeth as incomplete and sought to simplify and regulate forms of worship. |
| Boston Massacre | The killing of five colonists by British regulars on March 5, 1770 |
| Tea Act | The British put a major tax on tea. |
| Ohio River Valley | By the middle of the 1700s, British fur traders had crossed the Appalachian Mountains into the Ohio River Valley. They moved into land that was claimed by both the British colonies and France. The French Indian War was fought over this land. |
| Indentured Servant | ndentured servitude was a labor system where by young people paid for their passage to the New World by working for an employer for a certain number of years. |
| William Penn | William Penn was an English real estate entrepreneur, philosopher, early Quaker and founder of the Province of Pennsylvania, the English North American colony and the future Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. |
| John Smith | Admiral of New England, was an English soldier, explorer, and author. He was knighted for his services to Sigismund Bathory, Prince of Transylvania and his friend Mózes Székely. He enforced the kind of discipline necessary for Jamestown. |
| John Winthrop | wealthy English Puritan lawyer and one of the leading figures in the founding of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, the first major settlement in New England after Plymouth Colony |
| Jamestown | ettlement in the Colony of Virginia was the first permanent English settlement in the Americas |
| Joint-Stock Company | is a business entity where different stakes can be bought and owned by shareholders. Each shareholder owns company stock in proportion, evidenced by his or her shares (certificates of ownership). |
| Christopher Columbus | explorer, navigator, and colonizer, born in the Republic of Genoa. Under the auspices of the Catholic Monarchs of Spain, he completed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean. Created with discovering America. |
| French Indian War | Also known as the Seven Years’ War, this New World conflict marked another chapter in the long imperial struggle between Britain and France. When France’s expansion into the Ohio River valley brought repeated conflict with the claims of the British colonies, a series of battles led to the official British declaration of war in 1756. |
| Boston Tea Party | demonstrators, some disguised as American Indians, destroyed an entire shipment of tea sent by the East India Company, in defiance of the Tea Act of May 10, 1773. They boarded the ships and threw the chests of tea into Boston Harbor, ruining the tea. |
| Intolerable Acts | The Intolerable Acts was the American Patriots' name for a series of punitive laws passed by the British Parliament in 1774 after the Boston Tea party. They were meant to punish the Massachusetts colonists for their defiance in throwing a large tea shipment into Boston harbor. |
| Boston Port Act | The Boston Port Act (the Trade Act 1774) is an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain which became law on March 31, 1774, and is one of the measures (variously called the Intolerable Acts, the Punitive Acts or the Coercive Acts) that were designed to secure Great Britain's jurisdictions over her American dominions. |
| Massachusetts Government Act | Passed by the Parliament of Great Britain, receiving royal assent on 20 May 1774. The act effectively abrogated the Massachusetts Charter of 1691 of the Province of Massachusetts Bay, and gave its royally-appointed governor wide-ranging powers. |
| The Administration of Justice Act | Act for the Impartial Administration of Justice, also popularly called the Murdering Act or Murder Act, was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain. It became law on May 20, 1774. |
| Quartering Act | a name given to a minimum of two Acts of British Parliament in the 18th century. Parliament enacted them to order local governments of the American colonies to provide the British soldiers with any needed accommodations or housing. |
| Continental Congress | a convention of delegates called together from the Thirteen Colonies that became the governing body of the United States during the American Revolution. The Congress met from 1774 to 1789 in three incarnations. |
| Declaration of Colonial Rights | was a statement adopted by the First Continental Congress on October 14, 1774, in response to the Intolerable Acts passed by the British Parliament. |
| Columbian Exchange | refers to a period of cultural and biological exchanges between the New and Old Worlds. Exchanges of plants, animals, diseases and technology transformed European and Native American ways of life. |
| New England | New England is a region in the northeastern corner of the United States consisting of the six states of Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Vermont, Rhode Island, and Connecticut. |
| Middle Colonies | comprised the middle region of the Thirteen Colonies of the British Empire in North America. Much of the area was part of the New Netherland until the British exerted control over the region. |
| Southern Colonies | were established by Great Britain during the 16th and 17th centuries and consisted of Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. |
