| A | B |
|---|
| What was the main lifestyle of humans during the "Paleolithic"? | Nomadic, hunting and gathering |
| What major development happened in the "Neolithic" that caused people to settle down into the world's first villages? | Agricultural Revolution (farming) |
| Where was the world's very first civilization? | Mesopotamia (Iraq) |
| What was the world's very first civilization? | Sumer |
| What was the world's very first form of writing? | Cuneiform |
| What is the world's oldest written epic poem? | Epic of Gilgamesh |
| What was significant about Hammurabi's Code? | World's first written code of law |
| What geographic feature allowed Egyptian civilization to flourish in Africa? | Nile River |
| Who were the pharaohs of ancient Egypt? | all powerful kings |
| What was the main purpose of Egyptian pyramids? | tombs for the pharaohs |
| What was the pictographic form of writing that was developed in ancient Egypt? | hieroglyphics |
| What is a religion called in which multiple gods and goddesses are worshiped? | polytheism |
| What is most significant about the ancient religion of Judaism? | first religion to worship God (ethical monotheism) |
| Which prophet is often considered to be the founding father of Judaism and ancestor of the Hebrews (Jews) and Arabs? | Abraham |
| What significant contributions did Moses give to the Hebrews? | 10 Commandments (God's law) |
| What was most significant about the Hebrew king David? | established a large Hebrew kingdom in Palestine, made Jerusalem his main city |
| What was most significant about the Hebrew king Solomon? | built the first temple to God in Jerusalem |
| In Jewish history, what was the "diaspora"? | Romans scattered Jews across the world |
| What were some of the great contributions of the ancient Phoenicians? | first lettered alphabet, purple dye, "carriers of civilization" |
| What significant legacy did the Hittites give to civilization? | started the iron age, first blacksmiths |
| Why were the Assyrians so infamous? | some of the cruelest warriors of the Fertile Crescent |
| What were some of the greatest cultural legacies of the Persian civilization? | created the largest empire of the ancient Middle East, tolerant rulers |
| Along what river did the earliest Indian civilization begin? | Indus |
| What are the main beliefs about life after death in Hinduism? | reincarnation |
| Who was the founder of the religion of Buddhism? | Siddharta Gautama |
| What was a significant legacy of the Aryans, or Indo-Europeans? | conquered much of Europe and India, language was root of many western languages today |
| Along what river valley did Chinese civilization first begin? | Huang He (Yellow) |
| What was a lasting legacy of the Qin dynasty? | Great wall of China, concept of legalism |
| What was a lasting legacy of the Han dynasty? | China's golden age, invention of paper and gunpowder |
| What was significant about the Chinese philosopher Confucius? | established codes of personal behavior in relationships |
| What did the Chinese (and later Mongols) export west for large sums of wealth? | silk |
| Geographically, where did the Minoan civilization of Greece exist? | island of Crete |
| What legendary war did the Mycenaean Greeks fight in western Asia Minor around 1250 BC? | Trojan War |
| What ancient Greek legends are credited to the blind poet Homer? | The Iliad and The Odyssey |
| What ancient Greek polis was most famous for its tough and disciplined warriors? | Sparta |
| What Greek polis created the world's first direct democracy? | Athens |
| Which famous Greek philosopher started the idea of finding the truth through asking questions? | Socrates |
| What was the greatest legacy of Alexander the Great? | conquered the Persian empire, spread Greek culture |
| In the ancient Roman republic what was the role of the senate? | legislative council of 300 representatives |
| In the ancient Roman republic who were the patricians | wealthy, land-owning aristocrats |
| What were the Roman military units that were composed of 5,000 to 6,000 soldiers? | Legions |
| What civilization did Rome struggle against for control of the western Mediterranean in three Punic wars from 264 BC- 146 BC? | Carthage |
| What are some things that made Julius Caesar most famous in the first century BC? | conquered Gaul, became dictator, murdered by senate |
| Who was the first emperor of the Roman Empire that was responsible for initiating the Pax Romana (Roman Peace)? | Augustus Caesar |
| Why is Jesus of Nazareth so significant in the Christian religion? | believed to be the Son of God, savior of mankind |
| Who was the early missionary who successfully spread Christianity to many cities in western Asia Minor and Europe during the first century AD? | St. Paul |
| What is the significance of the ancient Roman city of Pompeii? | both destroyed and preserved by volcano at Mt. Vesuvius |
| Which famous, round amphitheater was built in Rome to hold gladiator contests for the amusement of up to 50,000 spectators? | Colosseum (Flavian Amphitheater) |
| What was significant about the Roman emperor Constantine who ruled during the early fourth century AD? | first Christian emperor, legalized Christianity, created capital at Constantinople |
| What name was commonly given to the Eastern Roman Empire that was split off from the Western Roman Empire in the fourth century? | Byzantine Empire |
| What position is the head of the Roman Catholic Church? | The Pope |
| What was the capital city of the East Roman Empire? | Constantinople |
| Which Germanic barbarian tribes conquered Roman Britain and laid the foundation of Old English language and culture? | Anglo-Saxons |
| Who was the leader of the Huns that caused much destruction for Romans and barbarians alike in the fifth century? | Attila |
| Who is the prophet that founded the religion of Islam in the early seventh century? | Mohammed |
| What was the most significant outcome of the battle of Tours that was fought between the Franks and Moors in 732 AD? | a Muslim invasion of Western Europe was stopped by Christian Franks |
| Why is the Frankish king, and later Holy Roman Emperor, Charlemagne often called "The Father of Europe"? | he united Western Europe and combined Roman, Germanic, and Catholic traditions. He tried to restore law, trade, and education |
| Who were the Scandinavian warriors that pillaged and explored the western world from Russia to Canada during the early Middle Ages? | Vikings |
| What was the main concept behind the feudal system that emerged in many places during the high Middle Ages? | Kings shared power with nobles (peasants/serfs exchanged work for protection) |
| What was the role of a knight in the feudal system? | professional, elite warriors |
| Who was the Norman Duke that conquered England in 1066 AD? | William the Conqueror |
| At what battle were the English defeated by the Normans in October of 1066? | Hastings |
| What was the purpose of the Crusades that were launched by the leaders of "Christendom" during the High Middle Ages? | for Christians to recapture Jerusalem and Holy Lands from Muslims |
| What were ways that the Magna Carta, signed by King John in 1215, limited the power of English monarchs? | Parliament controls taxes, Habeas Corpus, king must obey laws |
| During the 1300s, what terrible disease spread from Asia into Europe and Africa killing millions of people? | Bubonic Plague ("Black Death") |
| What trading commodities linked western African civilizations with the Mediterranean world during the Middle Ages? | Gold and Salt |
| Who was the king of Mali that linked western Africa to the Islamic world by making a pilgrimage from Timbuktu to Mecca in the 1300s? | Mansa Musa |
| Who was the Mongolian warlord that conquered the world's largest empire in Eurasia during the early thirteenth century? | Genghis Khan |
| Why was Joan of Arc significant during the Hundred Years' War? | French teenage girl who led troops to defeat English |
| What was the Renaissance? | a rebirth of Greco-Roman art, philosophy, and culture |
| When and where did the Renaissance begin? | Florence, Italy, around 1350 AD |
| What famous Renaissance artist and inventor created the "Mona Lisa"? | Leonardo da Vinci |
| What famous Renaissance sculptor also painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel? | Michelangelo Buonarroti |
| What German is credited with creating the printing press in 1453 | Johannes Gutenberg |
| What writer created the political satire "The Prince" during the Renaissance? | Niccolo Machiavelli |
| What English writer created the first comedies and tragedies for live performances since the Roman era? | William Shakespeare |
| What did Martin Luther do to initiate the Protestant Reformation during the 1500s? | created 95 theses challenging some Catholic Church practices |
| What was John Calvin's main idea about the salvation of Christian souls that differed from other Christian groups? | Predestination |
| Why did King Henry VIII of England break away from the Catholic Church and form the Anglican Church (Church of England) in the 1500s? | He wanted to divorce his first wife |
| What Native American civilization created an empire in South America in the 1400s that stretched down the Andes Mountains from Peru to Chile? | Incas |
| What Native American civilization created an empire in Mexico that was governed from its capital of Tenchtitilan? | Aztecs |
| In 1492, what did Christopher Columbus do that significantly changed history? | he discovered the Americas for Spain |
| What does the term "Columbian exchange" represent in early modern history? | The exchange of goods, ideas, and culture from Europe, Africa, and the Americas |
| Who was the explorer whose crew was the first to circumnavigate the world? | Ferdinand Magellan |
| What were some of the main ideas behind the early modern economic system of Mercantilism? | Mother countries established colonies for wealth. Colonies provided raw materials, mother countries provided finished goods and protection |
| How would one best describe an absolute monarchy? | King or Queen with complete power |
| What term describes the idea that a king or queen gets their power directly from God? | Divine Right |
| What royal family ruled Austria from the Middle Ages until the end of World War I? | Hapsburgs |
| What French king, nicknamed the "Sun King", ruled during the late 1600's and early 1700's and was one of the greatest absolute monarchs? | Louis XIV |
| What was the famous palace built by the "Sun King" in France? | Versailles |
| What was the primary cause of the Thirty Years' War? | Conflict between Catholics and Protestants |
| Which English queen was the last of the Tudor dynasty that defeated the Spanish Armada in 1588? | Elizabeth I |
| What was the primary cause of the English Civil War of the 1640's | Power struggle between Charles I and Parliament |
| What major concept did Nicolaus Copernicus develop during the 1500's? | Heliocentric theory (Sun centered) |
| How did Galileo Galilei contribute to the Scientific Revolution? | Used telescope to confirm Heliocentric theory and study space |
| What were some of the major results of the "Enlightenment" or "Age of Reason"? | People tried to solve world problems through human understanding and education |
| How did John Locke contribute to the Enlightenment? | Developed the idea of Natural Rights |
| What were some of the main ideas of Voltaire during the Enlightenment? | Freedoms of thought, speech, religion |
| What term is used to refer to the old social and political order that existed in France from the Middle Ages through the 1700's? | Old Regime |
| What were the "bourgeoisie" in France during the late 1700's? | Upper-middle class, wealthy commoners |
| On July 14, 1789, what French prison did a radical mob attack in Paris, setting off the French Revolution? | Bastille |
| By what means were Louis XVI, Marie Antoinette, and thousands of others publicly put to death during the Reign of Terror in 1793 and 1794? | Guillotine |
| Who was the revolutionary leader of the Jacobins that was largely responsible for the Reign of Terror? | Maxmillen Robespierre |
| How did Napoleon Bonaparte help spread the ideas of the French Revolution? | Conquered Europe with the French army |
| At what famous battle was Napoleon finally defeated in 1815? | Waterloo |
| What was one of the major goals of the Congress of Vienna in 1814? | Restore traditional monarchs, create a lasting peace |
| Who do nationalist generally want? | An independent nation state for their own people |
| Why was Simon Bolivar important in the 1800's? | He led many revolutions in Latin America |
| Nicknamed the "Sword of Italian unification", who was the Italian leader who commanded an army of "red shirts" to help united Italy in the mid 1800's? | Guiseppi Garibaldi |
| Who was the Prussian prime minister that was responsible for uniting German states into one empire in 1871 through policies of "blood and iron"? | Otto von Bismark |
| Geographically, where did the Industrial Revolution first begin? | Northern England |
| What was an improvement to transportation that resulted from the early Industrial Revolution? | Steam locomotives, steamships |
| Who was the historian and social philosopher the created the Communist Manifesto in the early 1800's? | Karl Marx |
| What was the main idea of socialism? | Government controls the economy, tries to narrow the gap between rich and poor through redistribution of wealth |
| Where were industrialized, western nations looking to conquer colonies during the era of "New Imperialism"? | Africa, Asia, Pacific Islands |
| What was a primary motivation for industrialized nations nations to conquer colonies during the late 1800's and 1900's? | Economic gain and political power |
| Who was the queen of Britain, the world's largest empire, during most of the 1800's? | Victoria |
| Whose assassination in 1914 brought about the beginning of World War I? | Franz Ferdinand |
| Who were the major members of the Central Powers in World War I? | Germany, Austria Hungary, Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria |
| Who were the main leaders of the allies in World War I? | France, Britain, Russia (later Italy and USA) |
| What was the predominant style of warfare in WWI? | Trench Warfare |
| What was a major reason as to why the United States entered into World War I? | Zimmerman Note |
| What is propaganda? | Using media to get people to think a certain way |
| What was the peace treaty that finally ended World War I? | Treaty of Versailles |
| Who was the Russian exile that started a Communist revolution in Russia in 1917? | Vladimir Lenin |
| Who was the brutal dictator of the Soviet Union from 1924-1953? | Joseph Stalin |
| Who became the fascist dictator of Italy in the 1920's and governed the country until his death in World War II? | Benito Mussolini |
| What was the weak, democratic government that was put into place in Germany after World War I? | Weimar Republic |
| Who was the American president that served from 1933-1945 during most of the Great Depression and World War II? | Franklin D. Roosevelt |
| What was the full name of the Nazi party that ruled German from 1933-1945? | National Socialist German Worker's Party |
| Who was the Nazi dictator of Germany from 1933-1945? | Adolf Hitler |
| What nation did German invade in 1939 starting World War II? | Poland |
| Who were the major nations of the Axis Powers during WWII? | Germany, Japan, Italy |
| What was the main idea of the German blitzkrieg strategy? | "Lightning warfare", quick and violent strikes |
| What was the primary reason why the Germans invaded the U.S.S.R.? | "Lebensraum", living space for the German people |
| What was the immediate outcome of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941? | USA joined World War II |
| What major battle on the eastern front, fought in the winter of 1943, was the most significant turning point of World War II? | Stalingrad |
| What was most important about the battle of D-Day that took place on June 6, 1944? | Allies opened a western front in France |
| How did the USA finally get the Japanese to surrender in 1945? | Atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki |
| What was the main purpose of the Holocaust that was carried out by the Nazi's during WWII? | To eliminate Jews and other "undesirables" |
| After WWII was over, where were war crimes trials held to convict Nazi leaders of atrocities committed against civilians during the war? | Nuremberg |
| What was the struggle for world influence between the USA and Soviet Union that lasted from 1945-1991 called? | Cold War |
| What was the major root cause of the struggle between the US and Soviets in the 20th century? | Communism vs. Democracy |
| What international peace keeping organization that has representatives from most nations was created immediately after WWII? | United Nations |
| What military alliance was created by the USA and western democracies in the late 1940's and is still active today? | N.A.T.O. (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) |
| Who was the Indian nationalist who advocated for Indian independence from Britain through peaceful protest in the early 20th century? | Gandhi |
| Who was the revolutionary that led China to become a Communist nation in 1949? | Mao Zedong |
| Why did the creation of Israel in 1948 cause major problems and conflicts in the Middle East that still influence world affairs today? | Palestinian Arabs and Israeli Jews are fighting for the land |
| What did the Soviets do in 1957 that started a "Space Race" with the United States? | Launched Sputnik (1st satellite) |
| In 1962, the USA and Soviet Union nearly went to war over Soviet attempts to place nuclear weapons in what communist, Caribbean nation? | Cuba |
| What was the primary reason that the USA got involved in military conflicts in Korea and Vietnam in the 1950's and 1960's? | To contain communism |
| What major political change took place for most European colonies between 1945 and 1980? | They gained independence |
| What was the policy of racial segregation between whites and blacks in South Africa that was ended in 1994? | Apartheid |
| What term refers to the attempted mass murder of an ethnic/racial group by another group of people? | genocide |
| What is the joint European economic organization that was formed in the 1990's and still exists? | European Union |
| Who was the last dictator of the Soviet Union that stepped down from his position in 1991? | Mikhail Gorbachev |
| What are some of the key events that happened between 1988 and 1991 that brought an end to the Cold War? | Fall of the Berlin Wall, breakup of Communist Bloc, collapse of USSR |
| What happened in Iran in 1979 to cause very bad relations between the Iranian government and the USA? | American hostages were taken as part of an Islamic Revolution |
| Why did a coalition of nations, led by the USA, attack Saddam Hussien's Iraqi forces in the Persian Gulf War of 1991? | Iraq had invaded Kuwait |
| What Islamic terrorist organization was responsible for the attacks against American civilians on September 11, 2001? | Al Qaeda |
| What is a form of government where religious leaders run the country? | Theocracy |
| What is a form of government where there is rule by a small group of people? | Oligarchy |
| What is a form of government where a person overthrows a preexisting government by force? Often, the new ruler has the support of the people by can rule very strictly. | tyranny |
| What is a form of government where the wealthy, powerful, land-owners control the nation? | aristocracy |
| What ancient Greek was responsible for establishing very strict laws with very harsh punishments in Athens during the 7th century BC? | Draco |
| What Byzantine emperor tried to reconquer the Western Roman Empire, built the Hagia Sophia Cathedral, and codified Roman law during the 6th century AD? | Justinian |
| What East Roman emperor made Christianity the official Roman religion in 380 A.D.? | Theodosius |
| Made powerful by Akbar the Great, which Muslim empire controlled northern India during the 1500's and 1600's? | Mughal Empire |
| Known for great governmental stability and order, which Chinese dynasty reestablished Chinese rule from the Mongols from 1368-1644? | Ming dynasty |
| What term is often used to refer to the lands and people of Central America? | Mesoamerica |
| What ancient religion is native to Japan? | Shintoism |
| During the middle ages Ghana, Mali, and Songhai were all powerful trading kingdoms that emerged in what part of the world? | West Africa, Niger river valley |
| In ancient India, what were the strict social classes that emerged in the Hindu religion? | Caste system |
| Which Frankish dynasty, which included Charlemagne, controlled what is now France and Germany(Holy Roman Empire) during the late 700's and early 800's? | Carolingian dynasty |
| Which Turkish dynasty established a powerful, multi-ethnic, Muslim empire from southern Europe, to the Middle East, to North Africa from 1453-1919? | Ottomans |
| Rivals of the Ottomans and Mughals, which Muslim dynasty in Iran reestablished the power of "Persia" from 1501-1736? | Safavid Empire |
| Started in medieval England, what term refers to law that has been developed by judges through court decisions and not by the executive or legislative branches? | common law |
| During the middle ages, what commonly caused conflicts between the popes and emperors/kings of the Christian world? | Religious and political power |
| What term refers to the formal split between the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Christians in 1054 AD? | Great Schism |
| During the Catholic "schism", or split, in the late 1300's and early 1400's there were two popes. Where did the competing popes reside? | Rome, Italy and Avignon France |
| What were the two major branches of Islam that split off from each other in the early middle ages? | Sunni and Shia |
| What was the greatest impact of improved farming techniques that emerged in the new "Agricultural Revolutions" of the early modern era? | a massive population explosion |
| What were the major reasons why there was a growth of towns in Europe during the late middle ages and early modern era? | a revival of law and order, education, and trade |
| During the middle ages, what were the unions that emerged to protect the business interest of skilled artisans and merchants in towns? | guilds |
| What part of the feudal system established that peasants could live on a lord's land in return for providing work and taxes? | manorial system |
| In economics, what term refers to a sustained increase in the general price level of goods and services in an economy over a period of time? | inflation |
| What is an economic system in which trade, industry, and the means of production are controlled by private owners with the goal of making profits in a market economy? | capitalism |
| Beginning with the Crusades, what term describes the period of European economic expansion, colonialism, and mercantilism that lasted until the Industrial Revolution? | Commercial Revolution |
| Which Spanish conquistador was responsible for the conquest of the Aztec empire(Mexico) for Spain in the early 1500's? | Hernan Cortez |
| Which Spanish conquistador was responsible for the conquest of the Inca empire(Peru) for Spain in the early 1500's? | Francisco Pizarro |
| What term refers to the trans-Atlantic economic connection of Europe, Africa, and the Americas during the early modern era(1492-1800)? | Triangular Trade |
| What term refers to the route by which African slaves were brought to work on European plantations in the Americas during the early modern era? | The Middle Passage |
| What was the greatest effect that groups such as the Jesuits had upon Native Americans in the early modern era? | Conversion to Christianity |
| What part of the "Columbian exchange" caused millions of Native Americans to die in the 1500's and 1600's? | Exposure to diseases (such as smallpox) |
| What was the legal system established by the Spanish in the Americas in which Spanish colonists were entrusted with land and American Indian laborers to work it? | Encomienda system |
| How did joint-stock companies operate during the early modern era? | investors purchased shares in a company to make profits |
| A growth of rationalism, secularism, and humanism produced new ways of thinking during the early modern era. What major intellectual movements movements resulted from this? | Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment |
| What is the main concept behind "laissez-faire" economics? | the government stays out of business |
| By insisting on a deliberate and planned investigation of the natural world, what did Francis Bacon help develop in the 1600's? | Scientific Method |
| What French mathematician, philosopher, and scientist(famous for the quote "I think, therefore I am.") helped develop rationalism in the 1600's? | Rene Descartes |
| Which Italian scientist and astronomer used improved telescopes to view the stars and planets and and confirm the heliocentric theory? | Galileo Galilei |
| What is the heliocentric theory, as originally developed by Nicolaus Copernicus? | The sun, not the earth, is the center of the solar system |
| Who was the English physicist and mathematician that developed many ideas about, mechanics, optics, and gravity in the late 1600's? | Sir Isaac Newton |
| What was the main purpose of the "Inquisition" that took place in the Catholic Church during the late middle ages and modern era? | a judicial process within the Church to root out heresy |
| What major concept did John Locke develop during the "Enlightenment", or "Age of Reason"? | Natural Rights (life, liberty, and property) |
| What were some of the main ideas supported by French philosophies of the Enlightenment such as Voltaire, Montesquieu, and Rousseau? | individual freedoms, limited government power, right to overthrow a corrupt government |
| In the mid 1700's, what idea was greatly encouraged among British colonists in North America by men such as Thomas Jefferson and Thomas Paine? | Independence for American colonies |
| How did Simon Bolivar greatly affect the history of Latin America in the early 1800's? | He led independence movements among Spain's American colonies |
| What was the major economic concept that Adam Smith promoted in his book "The Wealth of Nations" in the late 1700's? | Free market economies (laissez-faire economics) |
| What was the major event of the Glorious Revolution that happened in England in 1688? | King James II was removed from power and is daughter Mary and husband William took over |
| What was the primary cause of the American Revolution, or the U.S. War of Independence? | Taxation without representation |
| How did Toussaint L'Overture | He led a slave revolt that liberated Haiti |
| Why did urbanization (growth of cities) result from teh Industrial Revolution of the early 1800's? | People flocked to cities to find jobs |
| What were some of the major economic changes that happened in the Western World as a result of the Industrial Revolution in the 1800's? | Great increase in productivity and wealth, growth of the middle class |
| What were some ways that poor workers often responded to the harsh working conditions and low pay of the early Industrial Revolution? | Forming labor unions, having strikes |
| What term describes the idea of having intense love for one's own culture, language, homeland or ethnic group? | nationalism |
| What term refers to the idea that a powerful civilization controls the political, economic, and cultural affairs of smaller civilizations? | imperalism |
| What term describes the rapid buildup and development of large, powerful armies and navies to compete with other civilizations? | militarism |
| What country began to rapidly evolve into an industrialized, militarized empire as a result of the Meiji Restoration of the late 1800's? | Japan |
| In his "Communist Manifesto", what was Karl Marx referring to when he described a struggle between the "Haves and Have Nots"? | Struggle between the rich and poor |
| During the late 1800's and early 1900's, what caused a surge in nationalist movements of India, Africa, and Southeast Asia? | Western Imperalism |
| What ere the "utopian" movements unsuccessfully trying to create in the early 1800's? | perfect communities where wealth was shared |
| What is the idea that the economy and means of production of a society are heavily controlled by the government? | Socialism |
| As originally described by Karl Marx, what term refers to a society where the government completely controls the economy, redistributes all wealth, and eliminates social classes? | Commuism |
| Which 1898 conflict caused the Spanish Empire to lose its control on many Caribbean and Pacific Islands such as Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines? | Spanish-American War |
| What were the major reasons as to why the United States and Vietminh fought each other in the Vietnam War of the 1960's and 1970's? | USA wanted to contain Communism, Vietminh wanted to have a united, independent Vietnam |
| The Zulu Wars and Boer Wars of the 1800's were a result of imperialism upon which continent? | Africa |
| What was the primary reason that the USA and coalition allies went to war against Iraq in the Persian Gulf war of 1991? | Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait |
| How did the USA resolve the Berlin Blockade that the Soviet Union union placed around West Berlin in the late 1940's? | US airlifted supplies to West Berlin |
| What was a major cause of the Korean War in which the USA fought from 1950-1953? | Communist North Korea invaded democratic South Korea |
| In 1956, what Communist Bloc nation of Eastern Europe unsuccessfully tried to overthrow a Soviet supported Communist government through revolution? | Hungary |
| Which Cuban leaders sought the help of Nikita Khrushchev and the USSR after teh Bay of Pigs invasion and during the Cuban Missile Crisis of the early 1960's? | Fidel Castro |
| How did the oil cartel OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) decide to punish the USA for supporting Israel in the 1970's? | Oil embargo |
| Who was the Iranian religious and political leader that became "Supreme Leader" of Iran after leading a revolution in 1979 that ousted the shah (king) and challenged the USA? | Ayatollah Khomeini |
| What two nations became the world's leading superpowers after World War II during the Cold War(1945-1991)? | USA and USSR |
| Why did the USA become a "hyperpower" in the years immediately following the end of the Cold War in 1991? | Communism and the Soviet Union collapsed in Europe, US was most powerful nation |
| What modern term refers to the process of international integration arising from the exchange of world views, products, ideas, and aspects of culture? | Globalism |
| What term, often linked to conspiracy theories, implies changes in political thought and the balance of power that can lead to a unified global government that replaces the power of nation states? | New World Order |
| What are some of the greatest technological developments since World War II that have improved systems of production, global trade, and standards of living? | satellites, computers, internet |
| In the late 20th and early 21st centuries, what has been some of the greatest long-range environmental concerns of climatologist and scientist? | ozone depletion, global warming, climate change |
| What have been some of the immediate environmental consequences of the rapid urbanization and industrialization of the 20th and 21st centuries? | pollution, deforestation, clear cutting |
| What term describes the attempt to destroy all or part of a particular racial, ethnic, or religious group? | genocide |
| Who became the first black president of South Africa after the end of Apartheid in 1994? | Nelson Mandela |
| In 1948, which document resulted directly from the experience of the Second World War and represents the first global expression of rights to which all human beings are inherently entitled? | U.N. Declaration of Human Rights |
| During the 1980's what did Mikhail Gorbachev try to achieve by pushing for "perestroika" in the USSR? | restructuring of the Soviet army |
| During the 1980's, what did Mikhail Gorbachev try to achieve by pushing for "glasnost" in the USSR? | openness to new ideas and freedoms |
| The Basque Nationalist movement of the late 20th century was struggling to gain separation from which larger nation-state? | Spain |
| What has been the main goal of the PLO (Palestinian Liberation Organization) in the late 20th and 21st century? | To form an independent Palestinian state, free from Israel |
| What organization was largely responsible for violent and terrorist actions against British authorities and troops in Ireland during the 20th century? | IRA (Irish Republican Army) |
| What do Hamas, Hezbollah, Palestinian Islamic Jihad, and Al Qaeda all have in common with each other? | Radical Islamic terrorist organization |
