| A | B |
|---|
| mitochondria | the organelle in which the citric acid cycle and electron transport take place |
| kilocalories | quantity of heat required to raise temperature of 1 kilogram water by 1 degree C |
| NAD+ | coenzyme that accepts electrons and is reduced to NADH |
| chemiosmosis | H+ flow down the concentration gradient through ATP synthase to make ATP |
| phosphorylation | the adding of a phosphate to ADP |
| citric acid cycle | generates ATP, NADH and FADH2 in the matrix of the mitochondria |
| fermentation | harvests energy without oxygen |
| lactic acid | formed when muscle cells get "tired" |
| alcohol | yeasts convert pyruvate to this and CO2 |
| facultative anaerobe | can make ATP either by fermentation or oxidative phosphorylation |
| acetyl CoA | made when pyruvate is first oxidized in the mitochondria |
| cristae | folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane; help to increase surface area for electron transport |
| oxidative phosphorylation | process that needs an electron transport chain and chemiosmosis |
| glycolysis | occurs in cytoplasm, breaks glucose into 2 pyruvic acids |
| H+ | these get pumped into the intermembrane space, then are used to make ATP |
