| A | B |
| Civilization | complex societies with cities, organized governments, art, religion, class divisions, and writing systems |
| Irrigation | method of bringing water to a field from another place to water crops |
| City-state | has its own government and is not part of any larger unit |
| Cuniform | Sumerian system of writing made up of wedge-shaped markings |
| Artisan | skilled craftsperson |
| Scribe | record keeper |
| Empire | group of territories or nations under a single ruler or government |
| Ziggurat | grand temple built for a chief god |
| Astronomer | person who studies stars, planets, and other heavenly bodies |
| Caravan | group of traveling merchants and animals |
| Chronological Order | events that happen in sequence of time |
| Social Class | group of people who share a similar position in society |
| Technology | tools and methods used to help humans perform tasks |