| A | B |
|---|
| Ellis Island | Processing station for immigrants from Europe |
| Angel Island | Processing station for immigrants from Asia |
| Statue of Liberty | First symbol of America that immigrants see entering New York |
| Chinese Exclusion Act | Stopped Chinese from legally immigranting from China |
| Nativism | Favoring native born Americans |
| Gentlemen's Agreement | Treaty between Japan and U. S. to limit immigration and prevent discrimination |
| Urbanization | The growth of cities. |
| Pendleton Civil Service Act | Merit system for hiring qualified political personnel. |
| Tenement | Run-down, low-rental, multifamily apartment buidings |
| Melting Pot | Theory of immigrant assimilationthat stated that all immigrants could be changed into Americans. |
| Social Gospel Movement | Taught that salvation could be reached through helping the poor. |
| Americanization Movement | Program that taught immigrants English and history that sped of the Americanization process. |
| Jane Addams | Mother of Social Work that opened Hull House |
| Boss Tweed | Corrupt politician that ran Tammany Hall in New York |
| Emma Lazarus | Wrote the poem found at the base of the Statue of Liberty |
| Political Machine | Group that controlled a cities political center. |
| Graft | Using political influence for personal gain. |
| Ghetto | Section of the City occupied by a minority group because of social, economic or legal pressures. |
| Tammany Hall | Headed by Boss Tweed, New York's Democratic Political Machine |
| Patronage | Appointing a friend to a political office. |
| Chester Aruthur | Changed his ideas on civil service reform when he gained the presidency. |
| Mass Transit | Transportation on an established route to move large numbers of people. |
| Ida Wells | Newspaper editor that fought to put lynching in the public eye. |
| New South | changes in the south due to human activity and inventions. |
| Booker T. Washington | Founder of the Tuskegee Institute to teach technical skills to blacks. |
| Sharecropping | Worker who cultivates part of another person's land and gives part of the harvest to the landowner. |
| W. E. B. DuBois | Wanted blacks to be educated and have white collar jobs. |
| Tenant Farming | agricultural worker that rents the land to farm. |
| Solid South | Political alliance - Democratic Party post Civil War |
| poll tax | An annual tax that had to be paid before qualifying to vote. |
| George Washington Carver | Famous for his work with peanuts, soybeans and cotton. |
| Jim Crow Laws | state and local laws that denied AfricanAmerican free acess to transportaion, restaurants, and other public facilities. |
| Tuskegee Institute | University for blacks to become educated as teacher, and learn useful skills for agriculture and mechanical work. |
| Grandfather clause | Used by southern states to keep blacks from voting, but allowing whites to vote. |
| Turn of the Century Entertainment | Amusement parks, professional sports, bicycling and reading. |
| Literacy test | You had to be able to read to vote. Kept blacks from voting. |
| Debt Peonage | Form of slavery where people worked to pay off their debt - a form of slavery. |
| Chinese Exclusion Act | Stopped immigration of Chinese and stopped those here from naturalization process. |
| Booker T. Washington | believed that blacks need to prove their economic value to society. |
| Niagara Movement | Encouraged blacks to seek education to provide their community with leaders. |
| Jim Crow Laws | separated white and black people in theaters, water fountains, railroad cars, school, etc. |
| Plessy v. Ferguson | legalized segregration |
| Leisure time activities | bicycling, movies, amusement parks, baseball |
| William Randolph Hearst | Newspaper owner |
| Orville and Wilbur Wright | Invented the airplane; tested it at Kitty Hawk |
| Joseph Pulitzer | Newspaper owner competeted with Hearst. |
| Geprge Eastman | developed a camera easy for everyone to use. |
| Industrial Age | 1870 - 1900 US Leadijng Industrial Power in the World |
| Black Gold | Oil |
| Edwin Drake | used a steam engine to drill for oil. |
| Besssemer Process | Injecting Air into molten iron to make steel. |
| Uses for Steel | Skyscrappers, railroads, bridges. |
| Thomas Alva Edison | Patented light bulb |
| Christopher Sholes | Invented the typewritter. |
| Alexander Graham Bell | Invented the telephone |
| Telephone and typewritter | Affected office work created jobs for women. |
| Transcontinental Railroad | Central Pacific and Union Pacific lines met in Promontory Utah. |
| George Pullman | Built sleepers and other railroad cars. |
| Munn v. Illinois | States won the right to regulate RR to benefit farmers and consumers. |
| Interstate Commerce Act | Established right of gov. to supervise RR. |
| ICC | 5 member Interstate Commerce Act to regulare RR. |
| Andrew Carnegie | His compnay produced the largest portion of US steel. |
| Vertical Integration | Process of buying out suppliers to control raw materials. |
| Horizontal Integration | Gaining control over suppliers to limit competition. |
| Social Darwinism | Applying the theory of survival of the fittest to businesses. |
| John D. Rockefeller | Used a trust to gain control of the oil industry. |
| Robber Barrons | Carnegie, Morgan, Rockefeller |
| Sherman Antitrust Act | Made it illegal to form a trust. |
| National Labor Union | Formed by Ironworkers. |
| Labor Union Issues | Safety, Wages, 8 hr. day, equal pay, child labor. |
| Samuel Gompers | led the Cigar Makers Internationl Union |
| American Federation of Labor | Led by Gompers focused on collective bargaining. |
| Eugene Debs | Labor leader for skilled and unskilled workers |
| Industrial Workers of the World | Called "Wobblies" Miners, lumbermen, dock workers |
| Haymarket Affair | Strike scene where a bomb was used. Turned public against unions. |
| Homestead Strike | Against Carnegie Steel - Nat'l Guard called in. |
| Pullman Company Strike | Company laid off workers and cut pay; didn't cut cost of rent. |
| Mary Harris Jones | United Mine Workers of America leader. |
| Triangle Shirtwaist Factory | Lack of fire safety equipment led to many deaths - unsafe conditions. |
| Battle of Manila | Dewey took US fleet to Manila to fight Spain. Every Spanish ship was lost. |
| Big Stick Policy | Roosevelt wanted US to control Latin America. These countries were closer to us than to Europe. |
| Dollar Diplomacy | We started making loans to Caribbean countries to keep Europe out. |
| Isolationist | Either a person or a country that doesn't want to be involved in politics or economic issues with other countries. |
| Imperialism | The policy where stronger nations extend their economic, political or military control over weaker territories. |
| Jose Marti | Organized the 2nd rebellion in Cuba against Spain. |
| Open Door Notes | US wanted to be able to trade with China like Europe and Japan. Increased US presence in Asia. |
| Boxer Rebellion | Western Imperialistic militaries put down a Chinese uprising. Chinese people didn't want foreigners in their market. |
| Platt Amendment | Cuba would not make treaties with foreign powers; US had the right to intervene; Cuba could not go into debt;US got a naval base on Cuba. |
| Protectorate | A country whose affairs are partially controlled by a stronger power. |
| Roosevelt Corollary | Told Europe to stay out of the Western Hemisphere. |
| Rough Riders | Roosevelt's troops that fought against Spain in Cuba. |
| Russo-Japanese War | Japan & Russia fighting over Korea. Japan winning but running out of supplies. |
| Nobel Peace Prize | Won by Roosevelot for negotiating peach with Russia and Japan. |
| Teller Amendment | US declared war on Spain over Cuba. |
| USS Maine | Sent to Cuba to get Americans. It was blown up causing US to declare war on Spain. |
| Weyler | The "butcher" a Spanish officer. He put Cubans in camps and killed thousands. |
| William Steward | Sec. of State arranged to buy Alaska from Russia. |
| "Steward's Follie" | Buying Alaska looked foolish at the time until oil was found. |
| Yellow Journalism | Newspaper stories were exaggerated to sell papers. Stories weren't true. |
| Cuba | Originally controlled by Spain an island just 90 mi. south of Florida. |
| Delome Letter | Ex. of yellow journalism. Said he mocked McKinley, but he didn't. |
| Emillo Aguinaldo | Rebel leader of the Phillippines. We defeated to remain in control. |
| Panama | Rebeled against Colombia for independence. |
| Panama Canal | After rebellion with US help the canal was dug. |
| Pearl Harbor | Naval base built when we annexed Hawaii. |
| Poncho Villa | Led Mexican rebellion against US. |
| Pershing | Went to find Poncho Villa but stopped due to WWII. |
| Sanford Dole | Led the revolution against Queen Liliukalani in Hawaii. |
| Dole Pineapple | Sanford Dole's company. Wanted Hawaii annexed so he would have to pay import tax. |
| Spanish American War | Cuba wanted independence;US had investments in Cuba;USS Maine blown up. |
| Roosevelt Corollary | part of Monroe Doctrine; told other to stay out of Western Hemisphere. |
| Taft | "Dollars for Bullets" we would police Western Hemisphere |
| Wilson | Sent Pershing to get Poncho Villa; we didn't recognize government opposed to US. |
| Three Roots of Imperialism | Military strength;Markets for us;Our way was the best |
| Treaty of Paris terms | Spain freed Cuba; gave US Guam and Puerto Rico; US bought Philippines. |
| John Hay - Open Door Notes | US official who helped open up China. |
| Alfred Mahan | Wanted to strengthen US Navel forces. |
| San Juan Hill | Location of a battle in Cuba where Rough Riders fought. |
| Filipino | A person from the Philipines |
| Foraker Act | Gave US power to appoint Puerto Rico's governor. |
| Nationalism | a devotion to one's nation |
| Imperialism | expanding control, markets, military protection |
| Militarism | intimidation, tool for diplomacy |
| Alliance System | agreement between nations uneasy peace |
| National Arms Race | modeled after England's navy |
| Archduke Franz Ferdinand | Archduke of Austria killed in Bosnia |
| Gavrilo Pincip | Assassinated Ferdinand "Black Hand" |
| Kaiser Wilhelm | German leader strong military force |
| Central Powers | Germany, Austria-Hungry, Italy Ottoman Impire |
| Trench Warfare | holes dug in series |
| No man's land | area between trenches |
| British propaganda | hired actors and to lie to US to get US on their side |
| British blockade | blocked German's from coast to stop supplies |
| Unrestricted submarine warfare | German blockade around UK |
| Lusitania | Passenger ship sumuggling arms blown up by Germans |
| Zimmerman Note | from Germany to Mexico trying to get Mexico to attach US |
| Sussex Pledge | Germany agreed not to sink our ships, but they lied |
| Russian Revolution | pulled Russia out of WWI |
| Rasputin | Monk, Tricked Royal Family in Russia |
| Vladimir Lenin | Communist pulled Russia out of WWI |
| Zeppelin | Flew over war zones to spot troops |
| Selective Service | 1917 required men 21-30 to register to serve |
| Doughboys | US troops fresh and clean |
| Convoy System | Groups ships together for protection |
| Weapons of WWI | Gas, tanks, planes, machine guns, trenches |
| Dogfight | Air fight |
| Ace | killed 5 or more planes |
| Red Baron | Richthofen, German with 80 kills |
| Eddie Rickenbacker | US pilot 26 kills in 2 months |
| Belleau Woods | US entered war kept Germans out of Paris |
| Alvin York | Conscious objector but war hero a sniper |
| Hellfighters | Black, most decorated group |
| Financing the war | raised taxes; sold liberty bonds |
| Great Migration | blacks moved north to work |
| Espionage and Sedition Act | Fines for saying against the gov. or war effort |
| Armistice | Agreement to enter a cease fire |
| 14 Points | Speech to congress to set a plan for world peace |
| League of Nations | International Org. to air problems so no more wars |
| Big Four | Brittain, Italy, France, U.S. |
| Treaty of Versailles | Officially ended WWI. US did not sign. |
| Czar Nicholas II | Leader of Russia overthrown by Lenin. |
| Rasputin | Monk that "cured" the Czar's child |
| John Pershing | USA General - lead Doughboys |
| Alexander Kerensky | Minister of Justice for Russia |
| Woodrow Wilson | US President during WWI |
| Paul Von Hindenburg | 2nd Pres. of Germany Appt. Hitler as Chancelor |
| Manfred Von Richthofen | German Ace "Red Baron" |
| Treaty of Versaille | Ended WWI, made Germany take the blame and pay |
| Fourteen Points | Speech delivered to the League of Nations by Wilson |
| Warren G. Harding | President - died in office |
| Ohio Gang | Group of men that were friend with Harding. |
| Harding's cabinet | Ohio Gang - corrupt |
| Tea Pot Dome Scandal | Albert Fall leased Naval Oil reserve to Sinclair Oil. |
| Mitchell Palmer | Atty General of US |
| Palmer | Had Feds hunt down suspected communist. |
| Sacco and Vanzetti | Italian Immigrants accused of murder. |
| Sacco and Vanzetti | Said they were arrested because they were Italians. |
| ACLU | American Civil Liberties Union |
| ACLU | Protects Civil Rights started because of Sacco and Vanzetti |
| Communism | Single party ruled by dictator. |
| Anarchy | People who are anti government. |
| Socialism | Public ownership of production, distribution and communication. |
| Palmer Raids | agents hunted down communist, anarchist, socialist. |
| Red Scare | Fear of Communism in America |
| Quota System | Maximum No. of people who could come to US. |
| KKK | discriminated agains Catholics, Jews and Blacks |
| Labor Unions 1920's | Declined b/c immigrants would work |
| Fordney McCumber Tariff | Protected US goods from foreign competition. |
| Calvin Coolidge | President after Harding died. |
| Money from War | France and England owed US |
| War $ | Germany owed France and England. |
| US - Germany | We gave Germany $ to pay France & England |
| Henry Ford | 1903 Founded Ford Motor Co. |
| Assemby line | Created by Ford made affordable cars. |
| Model T | First mass produced car |
| Automobile Industry | Changed American lifestyle |
| Business due to Automobile | Gas, Tires, Hotels, Shopping Centers, etc. |
| Route 66 | Road from Chicago to LA |
| Installment buying | Payment spread over time. |
| Laissez Faire | "Let It Be" |
| Farmers of 1920's | Only unsucessful business after war due to surplus |
| Urbanization | Move to cities for jobs. |
| Small town life | Close with family, relition, shelter lifestyle |
| Probition Era | Ban on Alcohol |
| Volstead Act - | banned making, selling or transporting alcohol. |
| Speakeasies | Undergrond saloons |
| Boot Leggers | Smugglers carried liquor in boot. |
| Rum-running | Smuggling Alcoholic |
| Organized Crime | Roots from prohibition |
| Marcus Garvey | Wanted to build a separate black society. |
| Talkie | Movies that had sound. |
| Scopes Trial | Science teacher taught evolution and was sued. |
| Langston Hughes | Renaissance Movement Poet |
| Nativist | Favoring citizens born in the US. |
| Isolationism | Not wanting to be involved in world issues. |
| Harlem Renaissance | Rise in NY of Poets, Jazz, and other black artists. |
| Charles Lindberg | Flew a plane across the Atlantic. |
| Al Capone | Mob boss |
| Flapper | Young Urban woman short hair, worked... |
| Robber Barons | Acquired their wealth by exploitation |
| Bessemer Process | Process that turns iron into steel |
| Horizontal Integration | business tactic of buying out the competition |
| Vertical Integration | business strategy of buying out the suppliers |
| Corporation | draws money from a large group of share holders |
| American Federation of Labor | Craft Union that used collective bargaining. |
| Interstate Commerce Act | Gave the government the power to regulate railroads |
| Sherman Anti-Trust Act | Gov. 1st attempt to regulate monopolies |
| Social Darwinism | Survival of the fittest in the business world. |
| Industrial Workers of the World | Union of Socialist and Radicals |
