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| Hinterland | The market area surrounding an urban center, which the urban center serves. |
| Inner City Decay | Those parts of large urban areas that lose significant portions of their populations as result of change in industry or migration to suburbs. Because of these changes, the inner city loses its tax base and becomes a center of poverty. |
| Islamic cities | Cities in Muslim countries that owe their structure to their religious beliefs. Contain mosques at their center and walls guarding their perimeter. Open-air markets, courtyards surrounded by high walls, and dead-end streets which limit foot traffic in residential neighborhoods. |
| Latin American cities | Cities in Latin America that owe much of their structure to colonialism, a rapid rise of industrialization, and continual rapid increases in population. Similar to other colonial cities, they also demonstrate distinctive sectors of industrial or residential development radiating out from the CBD where most industrial and financial activity occurs. |
| Megacities | Cities, mostly characteristic of developing world, where high population growth and migration have caused them to explode in population since WWII. All are plagued by chaotic and unplanned growth, terribel pollution, and widespread poverty. |
| Megalopolis | Several metropolitan areas that were originally separate but that have joined together to form a large, sprawling urban complex. |
| Multiple Nuclei Model | A type of urban form Model wherein cities have numerous centers of business and cultural activity instead of one central place. |
| Postmodern Architecture | A reaction in architectural design to the feeling of sterile alienation that many people get from modern architecture. Uses older, historical styles and a sense of lightheartedness and eclecticism, more people-friendly. |
| Rank-size rule | Rule that states that the population of any given town should be inversely proportional to its rank in the country's hierarchy when the distribution of cities according to their sizes follows a certain pattern. |
| Segregation | The process that results from suburbanization when affluent individuals leave the city center for homogeneous suburban neighborhoods. This process isolates those individuals who cannot afford to consider relocating to suburban neighborhoods and must remain in certain pockets of the central city.Can be measured by the Index of Residential Dissimilarity. |
| Squatter Settlements | Residential developments characterized by extreme poverty that usually exist just outside of cities on land that is neither owned nor rented by its occupants. |
| Urban revitalization | Process occurring in some urban areas experiencing inner city decay that usually involves the construction of new shopping districts, entertainment venues, andn cultural attractions to entice young professionals back into the cities where nightlife and culture are more accessible. |
| J Curve | Shows exponential growth, the inevitable consequences of doubling times decreasing. |
| Crude Density | Sometimes called arithmetic density calculation of number of people per unit area of land, usually within boundaries of political entity. |
| Agricultural density | Excludes city populations from physiological density calculation and reports number of rural residents per unit of agriculturally productive land. |
| Homeostatic Plateau | When population is equivalent to carrying capacity of occupied area. It's an S Curve. |
| Demographic Momentum | Numnbers ofbirths will continue to grow even as fertility rates per woman decline. |
| First Immigrant Wave | From pioneer settlement to 1870 - made of two different groups: white arrivals from western and northern Europe, African brought involuntarily to New World. |
| Second Immigrant Wave | 1870 - to 1921 - heavily weighted in favor of eastern and southern Europeans ending with congressional adoption of quota system regulating numbers of individuals who would be acceptged and countries from which they could come. |
| Third Immigrant Wave U.S. | Launched 1960's when old national quota system of immigrant regulation replaced by one more liberal in its admission of Latin Americans. Along with more recent Asian arrivals, they became largest segment of newcomers. |
