| A | B |
|---|
| neuron | specialized nerve cells, receive & pass on information |
| stimulus | information in the environment that causes an organism to react |
| sensory neuron | specialized nerve cells that detect stimuli |
| interneuron | specialized nerve cells that pass information to other neurons |
| response | a specific reaction to a stimulus |
| motor neuron | specialized nerve cells that carry directions to muscle cells |
| ganglia | interneurons connected together in a small structure |
| cephalization | the concentration of sensory neurons & interneurons in a "head" |
| cerebrum | the "thinking" region of the brain |
| cerebellum | area of the brain that coordinates movement and balance |
| medulla oblongata | area of the brain that controls organ function & involuntary action |
| hydrostatic skeleton | skeleton made of fluid filled body segments, found in cnidarians & annelids |
| exoskeleton | hard, outside covering made of chitin, found in arthropods and mollusks |
| molting | process that allows arthropods to grow, shedding old exoskeleton |
| endoskeleton | structural support system within the body, found in echinoderms and vertebrates |
| joint | places in a skeleton that enable movement |
| ligaments | connective tissue in vertebrates, holding bones together at a joint |
| tendons | connective tissue that connects muscle to bone |
| asexual reproduction | reproduction with a single parent, many offspring, little genetic diversity |
| sexual reproduction | reproduction involving two parents, results in greater genetic diversity |
| internal fertilization | eggs are fertilized inside the body of the egg-producing individual |
| external fertilization | eggs are fertilized outside the body of the egg-producing individual |
| oviparous | embryos develop in eggs outside the mother's body |
| ovoviviparous | embryos develop in eggs, inside the mother's body |
| viviparous | embryos develop in reproductive tract, receive nutrition from mother |
| placenta | specialized organ found in mammals, enables exchange of nutrients & wastes between mother and embryo |
| metamorphosis | developmental process that leads to dramatic changes in shape & form |
| nymphs | immature form of organism, resembling adults, lacking some structures |
| pupa | developmental stage in which insect larva changes entirely, into an adult |
| hormones | chemicals produced in one organ that affect the other tissues and organs of that organism |
| amniotic egg | adaptation that allows an embryo to develop on land without drying out |
| mammary glands | glands in female mammals that produce milk to nourish young |
| monotremes | mammals that lay reptile like eggs, but produce milk to nourish their young |
| marsupials | mammals that give birth to underdeveloped young which complete development in a pouch |
| pathogen | disease causing microorganisms |
| endocrine gland | glands that regulate body activities by releasing hormones |
| ectotherm | animals whose body temperature depends on the outside temperature |
| endotherm | animals whose body temperature is regulated by its own body |
| arthropod | invertebrates with jointed legs |
| homeostasis | relatively constant internal physical & chemical conditions that organisms maintain |
