| A | B |
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| The early peoples were... | hunters and gatherers who lived during the Old Stone Age or the Paleolithic Age |
| The hunters and gatherers were... | nomads and migrated from place to place looking for food |
| In the Old Stone Age/Paleolithic age the people has... | spiritual beliefs and buried their dead |
| The migration of the early people led to ... | cultural diffusion |
| During the Neolithic Revolution people... | learned to plant seeds, domesticated animals and developed permanent settlements |
| What were some of the impacts of agriculture? | permanent settlements, new social classes (chiefs and warriors), new technology |
| Name some characteristics of early civilizations. | cities, central governments, traditional economy, organized religion |
| Name some characteristics of early civilizations. | social classes, art and architecture, roads, bridges and other public works, system of writing, specialized jobs |
| What happened in cities and the central governments during the rise of civilizations? | emerges as farmers, cultivated land along rivers, surplus food led to increased population, more systematic leadership was needed, governments developed |
| What happened during the rise of civilization to economy and religion? | was based on farming; was polytheistic with complex rituals to gain favor with the gods; j ob specialization and social classes (ranked according to jobs) |
| A result of the rise in civilization was... | tempels and palaces were built and were symbols of power for rulers; picture writing became more symbolic |
| What is the geographic setting of Egypt? | The Nile River, floods brought silt which is good for planting and the river provided transportation |
| What was the religion of ancient Egypt? | polytheistic; Amon-Re--sun god and Osiris--god of the Nile, people believed in life after death |
| What was the government of ancient Egypt like? | lead by a pharaoh--dynasties--power passes from generation to generation |
| What was the social structure of ancient Egypt? | pharaoh- priest-nobles-merchants-farmers |
| What contributions did ancient Egypt make? | study of the body, calendar and hieroglyphics |
| Mesopotamia was also called the... | Fertile Crescent |
| ONe of the civilizations in the Fertile Crescent was Sumer. Describe their religion; government, social structure, economy. | They were polytheistic and worshipped at the ziggurat; ruler was chief servant to the gods, social structure was similar to Egypt, economy grew rich from trade |
| What contributions did Sumer make? | first wheeled vehicles, cuneiform, algebra and geometry |
| What was the code of Hammurabi? | a code of written laws with harsh punishments |
| Where is the Indus River Valley? | India |
| What is the geographic setting of India/Indus River Valley? | large peninsula surrounded on the north and northwest by large mountains (Hindu Kush and Himalayas), monsoons bring needed rain every summer |
| What is the geographic setting of China? | river valleys (Huang He, Yellow, Yangzi) and very isolated because of mountains, deserts, jungles and an ocean; Himalaya, Gobi |
| What is ethnocentrism? | The Chinese thought they were the center of the world |
| Describe the religion, government, social structure, economy of China.. | government was dynasty (ruled by families), social structure was similar to Egypt, religion--many gods and nature spirits/ Yin and Yang |
| The Bantu migrations.... | originally were from West Africa and as the Sahara dried out they moved south and east |
| What was the Mandate of Heaven? | said that the ruler gets authority to rule from God, ruled by divine right, explained the dynastic cycle |
| In feudalism in China... | local lords controlled their own regions, but owed military service to the ruler |
| During the Zhou Dynasty in China their economy was based on... | trade, and irrigation allowed civilization to move away fromthe River valley |
| What contributions did the Zhou Dynasty of China make? | first books, astronomy, silk |
| During the Qin Dynasty , describe the government. | Centralized gov't, abolished feudal states and created military districts, created national coin, began the Great Wall of China |
| The most famous emperor during the Han Dynasty was Wudi? Why was he most famous and what were his accomplishments? | He was appointed because of what he knew and established a civil service system based on teachings of Confucius |
| What were the contributions of the Han Dynasty? | technology--paper, wheel barrow, the rudder, acupuncture, anesthesia and in the arts--jade and ivory carvings, ceramics and silk |
| What is the geographic setting of India? | 3 regions--northern plain--fertil because of Indus and Ganges, Deccan Plateau--dry and sparsely populated, Coastal Plains--flat land along east and west coasts |
| Who were the Aryans? | they were very war like--knowledge of them comes from the Vedas |
| The Mauryan Empire was led by... | Chandragupta who set up a well organized gov't and set up a bureauracy |
| What is the geographic setting of Greece? | made up of many mountains, isolated valleys, and small islands; this prevented a large empire and led to city states (polis) |
| Describe Athens. | direct democracy, laws made by assembly, trade, education for boys and women were inferior, cultural center of Greece |
| Describe Sparta | monarchy with 2 kings, warrior society, not trade or travel, military training for boys, women obey men, women own property |
| Who was Alexander the Great? | a Macedonian Leader who build a large empire--spread Hellenistic culture, blended Greedk, Persian, Egyptian & Indial life |
| What were the Greek and Hellenistic contributions? | philosophy, literature (Sophocles, Euripides, Homer), art and architecture--beauty and balance, science--Archimedes, and Hippocrates and math--Pythagoras, Euclid |
| What is the geographic setting Rome? | center of Italian peninsula located in Mediterranean Sea, low mountains promoted growth, fertile plains supported large population |
| Describe the Roman Republic. | officials chosen by people, most powerful gov't body was the senate, patricians (wealthy landowners) and plebeians (farmers, merchants, etc--majority of population) |
| What was Pax Romana? | 200 years of peace and prosperity |
| What were the Roman contributions? | law--system of law form the basis for many systems of justice, art and architecture--borrowed from the Greeks, aqueducts--transported water to large groups of people |
| What was India's role in global trade routes? | some goods sent overland into central China, others went by ship to the Middle East, Egypt, Southeast Asia |
| What was China' role in the growth of the Global trade routes? | Silk road eventually linked China with lands as far west at Mesopotamia, 4000 miles long with markets alone the way. |
