| A | B |
|---|
| In a nucleotide, to which deoxyribose carbon is the nitrogenous base attached? | The 1' carbon. (one prime) |
| In a DNA strand, to which deoxyribose carbon is the succeeding nucleotide attached? | The 3' carbon (three prime) |
| In which direction is DNA replicated? | 5' end toward 3' end |
| Name the pyrimidines | Thymine and Cytosine |
| The pyrimidines contain __ ring(s). | one |
| What are the parts of a nucleotide? | A phosphate group, a sugar (deoxyribose), and a nitrogenous base |
| A three letter sequence on mRNA and DNA are known as a __. | codon |
| The three letter sequence on a tRNA is known as an __. | anticodon |
| Where does transcription occur? | in the nucleus |
| Where does translation occur? | in the cytoplasm (at ribosomes) |
| Messenger RNA is produced by the process of __. | transcription |
| Proteins are made by the process of __. | translation |
| Coding regions of DNA and mRNA are referred to as ___ | exons |
| In RNA splicing __ are removed. | introns |
| The region of DNA that initiates the transcription of a gene is called the __. | promoter |
| What type of bonding exists between nitrogenous bases? | hydrogen |
| What type of bonding exists between nucleotides on the same strand? | covalent |
| UV radiation causes primary lesions known as __. | pyrimidine dimers |
| Chemicals cause primary lesions known as __. | intercalating agents |
| Any substance that causes a mutation is called a __. | mutagen |
| A termination signal or "terminator" causes __. | termination of gene transcription |
| Excision repair is a way of repairing __. | primary lesions |
| If primary lesions are not repaired, a __ occurs | mutation |
| A mutation is essentially a change in the __. | DNA base sequence |
| Mutations involving one or few bases are known as __. | point mutations |
| Single strand breaks are a type of __. | primary lesion |
| A __ mutation has no effect on the resulting amino acid sequence. | silent |
| A __ mutation changes the amino acid sequence of the resulting protein. | missense |
| A missense mutation that does not affect the functioning of a protein is known as a __. | neutral mutation |
| A chain-termination mutation is one that results in a __. | stop codon |
| Mutations that are passed to offspring are called __. | germ cell mutations |
| __ mutations cannot be inherited. | Somatic |
| The enzyme __ produces new strands of DNA. | DNA polymerase |
| A __ mutation results in a largely incorrect amino acid sequence. | frameshift |
| Mutations in which large sections of DNA are inverted, lost, or added are known as __. | chromosomal mutations |
| A chromosome fragment not containing a centromere is termed an __. | acentric fragment |
| When a piece of chromosome breaks off and reattaches "upside down," it is called an __. | inversion |
| __ are DNA segments that periodically move from one chromosome to another, i.e., "jumping genes." | Transposons |
| Insertions or deletions cause __ mutations. | frameshift |
| A __ is a segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein. | gene |
| __ carries the genetic code to the ribosomes. | mRNA |
| __ molecules transport amino acids to the ribosomes. | tRNA |
| "Antiparallell" refers to the alignment of __. | complementary DNA strands |
| The formation of mRNA is carried out by __. | mRNA polymerase |
| DNA and mRNA are large molecules made of repeating units or __. | polymers |
