| A | B |
|---|
| temperature | the measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance |
| Fahrenheit scale | the temperature scale on which 32 and 212 are the temperatures at which water freezes and boils |
| Celsius scale | the temperature scale on which 0 and 100 are the temperatures at which water freezes and boils |
| Kelvin scale | the temperature scale on which zero is the temperature at which no more energy can be removed from matter |
| absolute zero | the temperature at which no more energy can be removed from matter |
| heat | thermal energy that is transfered from one substance to another |
| conduction | the transfer of heat between particles within a substance |
| convection | the transfer of heat by the movement of currents within a fluid |
| convection currents | a current caused by the rising of heated fluid and sinking of cooled liquid |
| radiation | the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves |
| conductor | a material that easily transfers heat between its particles; examples: steel, metal, silver |
| insulator | a material that does not easily transfer heat between its particles; examples: wool, air, blubber, fiberglass |
| specific heat | the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of a substance by 1 kelvin |
| change of state | the physical change of matter from one state to another |
| state | the three forms (solid, liquid, gas) in which matter exists |
| melting point | the temperature at which a solid substance melts |
| freezing point | the temperature at which a liquid substance freezes |
| boiling point | the temperature at which a liquid substance boils |
| vaporization | the change from the liquid state to the gaseous form of matter |
| evaporation | the process by which molecules of a liquid absorb energy and change to the gaseous state |
| condensation | the process by which a gas changes to a liquid |
| thermal expansion | the expansion of matter when it is heated |
| thermostat | a device that regulates temperature |
| combustion | the process of burning a fuel to produce thermal energy |
| internal combustion engine | an engine that burns fuel inside cylinders within the engine |
