| A | B |
|---|
| The underlying patters of relationships in a group | Social Structure |
| A Position a person occupies in within a social structure | status |
| a type of status that is neither earned nor chosen; it is assigned to us | ascribed status |
| What are the two types of social status? | ascribed status and achieved status |
| Being male or female is what type of status | ascribed status |
| Your age is an example of what type of status? | ascribed status |
| In India, your social status is assigned to you at birth. This is an example of ____________ status. | ascribed status |
| An ___________ status is one that is earned or chosen | achieved status |
| all of the statuses that a person occupies at a particular time is known as a ___________. | status set |
| If you chose to be a doctor, that is an example of an __________ status. | achieved |
| A person who decides to become a spouse or mother is an example of an ___________ status. | achieved |
| This is a status that can be achieved or ascribed; they significantly affect the likelihood of achieving other social statuses. | Master status |
| Can an achieved status also be a master status? | yes |
| The status of criminal is a ___________ status because it greatly affects the rest of your life. | Master |
| T or F People interact according to prescribed roles. | True |
| T or F Sometimes conflict or strain occurs when an individual has too many roles to play. | True |
| An expected behavior associated with a particular status is a _________. | role |
| Behaviors that individuals expect from others. | Rights |
| behaviors that individuals are expected to perform towards others. | Obligations |
| What is an obligation of a doctor? | to treat patients |
| What is a right of a patient to receive from a doctor? | The right to be diagnosed |
| The actual conduct or behavior, involved in carrying out (or performing) a role. | Role performance |
| the process of influencing each other as people relate. | social interaction |
| How is role performance different from a play? | Most real-life role performance occurs without planning, real-life performance is ad-libbed, we choose our own cues and responses. |
| This exists when the performance of a role in one status clashes with the performance of a role in another | role conflict |
| This occurs when a person has trouble meeting the many roles connected with a single status | Role strain |
| How do most people deal with role conflict and role strain? | They set priorities and segregate roles |
| This is composed of people living within a defined territorial border who share a common culture. | What is a society. |
| What are the two types of societies? | Preindustrial and Post-Industrial |
| This is the oldest type of society. | Hunting and Gathering |
| This society survives by hunting animals and gathering edible food. | Hunting and gathering |
| What are characteristics of a hunting and gathering society? | 1. nomadic 2. very few possessions 3. small population 4. cooperation and sharing are a key 5. no social classes 6. family is the only insitution |
| a tribe that moves from place to place and follows the herd is known as ________. | nomadic |
| This type of society usually has less than 50 people. | hunting and gathering |
| In this type of society, most are related by blood or marriage. | hunting and gathering |
| In this type of society, division of labor is often determined by sex and age. | hunting and gathering |
| This society solves the subsistence problem primarily through the growing of plants | horticultural soceity |
| What are characteristics of horticultural societies? | more permanent settlements, multicommunity societies (1,000-2,000), family is more key, more complex division of labor, trade is possible. |
| At which level of society does trade become possible? | horticultural society |
| In this type of society, food is obtained primarily by raising and taking care of animals. | pastoral society |
| What are characteristics of a pastoral society? | migration still needed, but with some permanent villages, male dominated, more complex division of labor, trade is possible. |
| What is the status of women in a pastoral society? | Women's status is low since men take care of the herd |
| This society subsists by growing food, but with the use of plows and animals. | agricultural society |
| What are characteristics of an agricultural society? | more food per unit of land, due to the plow, animals allow more people to engage in noneconomic activities, cities built, other occupations appear, political, economic, and religious institutions appear, government replaces the family group, king or emperor rules, social classes, economy based on trade, monetary system, separation between religion and government. |
| In this society, family ties are important, but government replaces the family as the guiding force. | agricultural society |
| This society is one that is dependent upon science and technology to produce its basic goods and services. | industrial society |
| Term for animal labor being replaced by machines | mechanization |
| The movement from the country to the city. | urbanization |
| How do families function differently in an industrial society? | Personal choice and love replace arranged marriages, economic activities no longer in the home, but in factories, education now focuses on workforce and does not take place in the home. Blood relationships decline as families separate and take jobs in other locations, social class is based more on occupational achievements than the social class of one's parents, as women enter the workforce they become less subordinate to the their husbands |
| What two societies did Tonnies identify? | Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft |
| This society identified by Tonnies is based on tradition, kinship, and intimate social relationships | Gemeinschaft |
| This society identified by Tonnies is identified by weak family ties, competition, and less personal social relationships. | Gesellschaft |
| The degree to which a society is unified or can hold itself together in the face of obstacles | social solidarity |
| Who developed the concept of social solidarity | Emile Durkheim |
| What are the two types of society that depend on social solidarity? | mechanical solidarity and organic solidarity |
| This applies when members of a society hold the same beliefs, values, and norms, they tend to conform and depend on tradition and family to fulfill their needs. | mechanical solidarity |
| this applies when members of an industrial society depend on a variety of people to fulfill their needs. | organic solidarity |
| In this type of solidarity, most of the people are doing the same type of work and place the group above the family. | mechanical solidarity |
| In this type of solidarity, social unity is achieved through a complex of specialized statuses that make members of society interdependent. | organic solidarity |
| In this society, the economic emphasis is on providing service and information rather than on producing goods through basic manufacturing. | postindustrial society |
| What are the five features of a postindustrial society? | 1. For the first time, the majority of the labor force are employed in services rather than in agriculture or manufacturing. 2. white-collar employment replaces much of blue-collar work. 3. Technical knowledge is the key organizing feature in the postindustrial society 4. technological change is planned and assessed 5. computer modeling is relied upon in all areas |
| This means an affect to the environment is considered before a product is introducted. | What is technological change is assessed. |
| This historian believes that the transition to a service economy has increased social instability in nations undergoing this change. | Francis Fukuyama |
| What social instability starts to occur in a postindustrial society? | crime and social disorder begin to rise, marriage and birth rates decline, divorce is increased. |
