| A | B |
|---|
| active transport | the movement of a substance from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration that requires an input of energy |
| concentration gradient | a gradual difference in the concentration of a substance in a solution as a function of distance |
| diffusion | the movement of any substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration |
| endocytosis | the process by which extracellular material is taken into the cell by an inward folding of its plasma membrane |
| equilibrium | biological balance |
| exocytosis | the process by which substances are released from the cell into the extracellular environment |
| facilitated diffusion | the transport of substances across the plasma membrane with the assistance of transport proteins |
| fluid mosaic model | model that describes the structure of the cell membrane |
| hypertonic | a solution that has a higher solute concentration than that inside the cell |
| hypotonic | a solution that has a lower solute concentration than that inside the cell |
| isotonic | a solution that has the same solute concentration as that inside the cell |
| membrane protein (transport protein) | component of the plasma membrane that carries out various cellular functions, such as nutrient/energy transport and message transmission |
| molecular pump | a type of membrane protein that uses energy to move substances across the plasma membrane |
| negative feedback loop | an interaction that reduces/dampens the response of the system in which it is incorporated |
| osmoregulation | the regulation of water and solutes (dissolved molecules and ions) |
| osmosis | the movement of water from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration |
| passive transport | the movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration without any input of energy |
| permeable | allowing substances to pass |
| phospholipid bilayer | two layers of phospholipids arranged into sheets |
| positive feedback loop | an interaction that increases/amplifies the response of the system in which it is incorporated |
| thermoregulation | the regulation of body temperature |
