| A | B |
|---|
| connotation | something suggested or implied by a word |
| denotation | explicit meaning or set of meanings of a word |
| hyperbole | a deliberate overstatement |
| diction | the deliberate use of words/phrases to convey a point |
| syntax | the way in which words or phrases are created to convey a point |
| tone | the means of creating a relationship of conveying a attitude |
| Aristotle's Definition of Rhetoric | analyzing the means by which an author attempts to persuade, overtly or subtly, the audience to his persuasion' "Not to persuade, but to see the available means of persuasion in each case." |
| enthymeme | a partiall syllogism based on a probable prmise and an implicit conjecture that is shared by the speaker and the audience. The speaker gives the UPP and assumes the audience will supply the missing knowledge to reach the valid conclusion |
| syllogism | rhetorical discourse in which certain premises have been made and something other than these premises follows as a result. From the universal primary premise and the universal or particular secondary premise, it is possible to reach a valid conclusion. |
| ethos | establishing the moral character of the speaker; this is often achieved in younger writers by scholarly vocabulary and citing more professional works. |
| pathos | appealing to the emotions of the audience |
| logos | logical reasoning presented to convince the audience of the rhetor's beliefs. |
| colloquial | Words or phrases used in everyday or plain language; generally not deemed appropriate for scholarly writing |
| didactic | designed with the intent to impart instruction on the audience |
| allusion | a historical, cultural or literary reference mentioned by the rhetor but not explained because the rhetor expects his audience to be familiar with the reference. |
| juxtaposition | two ideas that oppose each other, placed side-by-side for the sake of contrast |
| asyndeton | the deliberate omission of conjunctions to create a crisp, effective ending |
| maxim | a succinct saying that has proven truth to it. |
| paradox | a statement or proposition that seems self-contradictory or absurd that nonetheless is true |
| polysyndeton | deliberate addition of conjunctions for effect |
| ellipsis | Marked by (...). Shows a deliberate omission in the text. |
| euphemism | substitution of an offensive term for a "softer" one e.g- powder room for toilet |
| rhetorical question | A figure of speech in the form of a question posed for effect rather than for the purpose of getting an answer. |
| metonymy | a symbol that represents a whole but not a physical part of it ( "The White House" issued a statement (instead of the president). |
| synecdoche | parts represent the whole ("All hands on deck" and "Lend me your ears" |
| clause | a group of words in a sentence |
| dependent clause | may contain a subject or a predicate, and sometimes may contain both, but nonetheless doesn't create a complete thought and thus is a fragment on its own. |
| independent clause | Can stand on its own as a sentence. It has a subject and a verb and makes a complete thought |
| pronoun antecedent | that to which the pronoun refers. The girl says she is tall. In this sentences, the antecedent is girl. |
| extrapolation | to pull from multiple sources to reach a new ideal |
| form reflects content | thee way that something is said reflects what is being said. |
| appositive | a clause or phrase separated by commas which acts to greater define the subject of the sentence; not essential to the integrity of the sentence |
| embedded quotation | Quotes enclosed in the discussion as part of the discussion. The "problem with Larry" is that he "eats all the food". |
| allegory | A story in which the characters and situations actually represent people and situations in other contexts |
| dialogue | spoken exchanges between or among characters in a dramatic or narrative work |
| subordinate | to make something lesser to another subject. In grammar subordinate clauses are incomplete, and without connecting them to independent clauses, you form fragments |
| epithets | brief, descriptive phrases that emphasize traits associated with particular persons or subjects "stackers of wheat" instead of farmers |
| stream of consciousness | nonlinear writing following the interior thoughts of a person |
| periodic sentence | a list of dependent clauses leading to the independent clause; the effect creates a building of syntactical excitement |
| anastrophe | the deliberate inversion of word order for effect:"Come I here to argue?" |
| isocolon | when parallel elements of a sentence, like structure and length, are similar. |
| apostrophe | speaking directly to an inanimate object: "O Death! Where is thy sting?" |
| double entendre | a secondary, often sexual meaning to a phrase or word |
| subtext | what is implied and not directly stated in a work |
| epanalepsis | repetition of a word at the end of a clause that began the first clause. Creates a strong emotion. e.g.-“A minimum wage that is not a livable wage can never be a minimum wage.” |
| hubris | pridefulness that invokes the god's wrath |
| satire | Type of writing which exposes the failings of individuals, institutions or societies through ridicule |
| pedantic | deliberately or overtly showy with knowledge.Overly concerned with the minute. Inappropriate display of knowledge |
| Jargon | Specialized language for a certain group of people |
| Tautological Structure | Needless repetition of an idea without imparting additional force. ("It was visible to the ey |
| litotes | a deliberate understatement, especcialy that in which an affirmative isexpressed by the negative of its contrary, as in “not bad at all.” |
| banal | Overused; trite; lacking freshness |
| ambiguous | Having several possible meanings or interpretations. |
| Extended Analogy | Analogy extended over many paragraphs. |
| alliteration | The first letter of a word is repeated for dramatic effect |
| consonance | The repetition of consonant sounds, but not between vowels, typically within or at thhe end of non-rhyming words |
| assonance | Rhyme in which the same vowel-sounds are used with different consonants in the stressed sylhe stressed syllables of the rhyming words, as in |
| syllogism example | UPP: Everything that lives, moves.No mountain moves, thus no mountain lives. |
| enthymeme example | Everything that lives, moves. Thus, no mountain lives. |
| parallel structure | the deliberate arrangement of sentences, phrases or clauses to create a repetitive or reflective manner. Adds emotional appeal to writing |
| Horatian | mode of satire; mildly pokes fun at a subject |
| Juvenalian | A harsh, juneval satireintended to expose the vice, folly or stupidity of others to scorn or ridicule |
| extrapolation | To pull from multiple sources to reach a new idea |
| comma splice | when a comma is used to separate two independent clauses, creating a run-on sentence. |
| imagery | sensory details or figurative language |
| predicate nominative | a renaming of the original subject; that occurs in the predicate part of a sentence;" Sylvia Plath was a WOMAN of great reknown." Woman renames Sylvia Plath, thus woman is the predicate nominative in the sentence |
| participle | A verbal that functions as an adjective. Present tense participles always use -ing and past tense ones always use -ed. Example The hotel we're staying in is super deluxe, and we have a working television set." |
