| A | B |
|---|
| acid | produces hydrogen ions when dissolved in water |
| HF | hydrofluoric acid |
| H2SO4 | sulfuric acid |
| HNO3 | nitric acid |
| Almost always starts with "H" | acid |
| base | a compound that produces hydroxide ions when dissolved in water |
| OH- | hydroxide ion |
| H+ | hydrogen ion, used the same way as H3O+ |
| H3O+ | hydronium ion, used the same way as H+ |
| self-ionization | the reaction in which two water molecules react to give ions (H+ and OH-) |
| Kw | the ion product constant for water |
| acidic solution | one where the H+ concentration is greater than the OH- concentration |
| basic solution | one where the H+ concentration is less than the OH- concentration |
| 1 x 10 -6 mol/L | an acidic solution |
| 1 x 10 -8 mol/L | a basic solution |
| pH of a solution | the negative log of the [H+] |
| pOH of a solution | the negative log of the [OH-] |
| monoprotic acid | one H+ (proton) can be ionized (removed) from the compound |
| diprotic acid | two H+ (protons) can be ionized (removed) from the compound |
| triprotic acid | three H+ (protons) can be ionized (removed) from the compound |
| H3PO4 | an acid which could be triprotic |
| H2CO3 | an acid which could be diprotic |
| Bronsted-Lowry acid | a hydrogen ion donor |
| Bronsted-Lowry base | a hydrogen ion acceptor |
| conjugate acid | an acid formed when a base accepts (gains) an H+ |
| conjugate base | a base formed when an acid donates (gives away) an H+ |
| amphoteric | a substance that can act as both an acid and a base (such as H2O) |
| Arrhenius acid | compound containing hydrogen that can ionize to produce H+ |
| Arrhenius base | compound containing hydroxide that can ionize to produce OH- |
| Ka | acid dissociation constant: the ratio of [dissociated acid]/[undissociated acid] |
| Kb | base dissociation constant: the ratio of [dissociated base]/[undissociated base] |
| dissociated | ionized: taken apart |
| concentrated | large number of acid or base moles in solution: high M |
| dilute | small number of acid or base moles in solution: low M |
| strong acid or base | one that dissociates (ionizes) completely in solution |
| weak acid or base | one that only dissociates (ionizes) a small amount in solution |
| indicator | a weak acid or base that will ionize at a certain pH range producing color changes |
