| A | B |
|---|
| Mercantilism | economic policy to create a positive balance of trade and increase a nation's gold supply |
| Jamestown, Virginia | the first permanent English settlement in the New World |
| headright system | the granting of land in return for sponsoring new settlers to the Virginia colony |
| House of Burgesses | the first elected legislative body in the New World |
| Plymouth | colony established by the Piligrims in 1620 |
| Mayflower Compact | document that established self government based on majority rule |
| Puritans | established Massachusetts to be a "city upon a hill" that would be a utopian Bible community |
| Rhode Island | colony identified with religious freedom and separation of church and state |
| Middle passage | the trade route to bring slaves from Africa to America |
| from the consent of the governed (citizens) | According to John Locke, where did government get its authority? |
| Fundamental Orders of Connecticut | first written constitution in the English colonies |
| Pennsylvania | colony established to be a refuge for the Quakers |
| Maryland | colony established as a haven for Catholics |
| Southern colonies | this region's economy was based on staple crops and slave labor |
| Northern colonies | this regions economy was based on commerce, trade, shipbuilding |
| Middle colonies | New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania |
| Navigation Acts | laws to regulate colonial trade |
| salutary neglect | English policy of allowing the colonies to govern their own affairs |
| Enlightenment | European philosophical movement that stressed the use of reason to understand nature |
| John Locke | philosopher who said that citizens create a social contract to create governments that will protect their natural born rights |
| Bacon's Rebellion | 1676 rebellion against the governor of Virginia |
| Pilgrims | religious separatists who sought religious freedom |
| Christopher Columbus | "discovered" America and claimed colonies for Spain |
| Columbian Exchange | the transfer of plants, animals, people, and resources between Europe, the Americas, and Africa |
| colonization | to acquire foreign lands and establish new communities there |
| indentured servant | laborers who were brought to America in exchange for their commitment to work for a specific period of time |
| John Winthrop | Puritan governor of Massachusetts Bay colony |
| Parliament | the legislative branch of the English government |
| salutary neglect | the English government's policy of ignoring its colonies as long as they served to build England's strength and power |
| Triangular trade | trade to bring natural resources from the colonies to Europe, manufactured goods to Africa and the colonies, and slaves from Africa to the colonies |
| Great Awakening | a time of American religious revival in the 1700s |
| Charles Montesquieu | philosopher who believed that government powers should be checked and balanced by having separation of powers between the legislative and executive branches |
| French and Indian War | a struggle for control of eastern North America between the French and the English; French lose their North American lands |
| salutary neglect | Prior to the French and Indian war, what term described the British policy of allowing colonies to govern their own day-to-day affairs? |
| Stamp Act | After the French and Indian War, which act levied the first-ever direct tax on the colonies? |
| Boston Massacre | Which event was used as propaganda by patriots against the British? |
| Boston Tea party | Which historical event involved a protest by the Sons of Liberty against the taxes levied by the Tea Act? |
| Coercive or Intolerable Acts | Which acts were passed to restrict self-government in Massachusetts after the Boston Tea Party? |
| Lexington and Concord | Which historical event is known as “the shot heard ‘round the world”? |
| taxation without representation | What was the primary cause of the American Revolution? |
| declare independence from Britian | What did Thomas Paine’s Common Sense urge colonists to do? |
| Declaration of Independence | Which document described American political beliefs and listed the reasons for breaking away from Great Britain? |
| Quartering Acts | What British Act was the Third Amendment designed to prevent? |
| Committees of Correspondence | How did colonists communicate with each other and organize protests against British rule? |
| Writs of Assistance | Which British action enabled government officials to search for smuggled goods without a specific warrant? |
| Saratoga | Which battle was the turning point in the Revolutionary War that caused an alliance to be formed with France? |
| George Washington | Who led the Continental Army of the United States against the British in the Revolutionary War? |
| the consent of the people | In the ideas expressed in the Declaration of Independence, what is government authority based upon? |
| to protect their inalienable rights | According to the ideas expressed in the Declaration of Independence, why do citizens form governments? |
| rebel | What may people do if their government abuses their rights, according to the ideas expressed in the Declaration of Independence? |
| Yorktown | Which battle enabled George Washington and the Continental Army to defeat the British and win U.S. independence? |
| Articles of Confederation | Which acts set up a national government for the United States after the Revolutionary War? |
| Northwest Ordinance | Which acts divided the western territories so they could become states? |
| Articles of Confederation | Which acts set up an alliance or confederation between the states after the Revolutionary War? |
| no power to tax | What made it difficult for the national government to raise money to pay its debts after the Revolutionary War? |
| Shay's rebellion | Which event demonstrated the conflict between lenders and borrowers over taxes after the Revolutionary War? |
| Shay's rebellion | Which event demonstrated that the Articles of Confederation made the national government too weak to deal with the nations' problems |
