| A | B |
|---|
| Political Machines | powerful orginazations linked to political parties |
| political boss | machine represented controlled jobs and services |
| kickback | an arrangement in which contractors padded the amount of their bill for city work and paid |
| Boss Tweed | William M. Tweed heade3dNew York City's Denocratic political machine in the 1860-1870's |
| Thomas Nast | produced the "taming tiger" cartton |
| Spoil System | Rewarding political supporters with jobs and favors-had been |
| patronage | another name for Spoil System- existed at all levels of goverment and led to numerous abuses |
| civil service | the body of nonelected goverment workers |
| Socialists | productions owned by the people |
| Progressives | want businesses to be owned by goverment |
| muckrackers | investigative reporters wrote shocking newspaper and magazine stories that brought problems to the attention of the public- and gained readers |
| direct primary election | allowed all the state's voters to choose their party's canidates |
| initiative | allowed citizens to place a measure or issue on the ballot in a state election |
| referendum | gave voters the oppurtunity to accept or reject measures that the state legislature enacted |
| recall | enabled voters to remove unstisfactory elected officials from their jobs |
| Lincoln Steffens | most effective muckraker, reported for Mcclures Magazine. Exposed corrupt machine politics in NY |
| Ida Tarbell | wrote for McClures Magazine, laid bare the unfair practicesof the oil trust. |
| Upton Sinclair | described horros of meat packing. |
| suffragists | men and women who fought for women suffrage, or womens right to vote |
| Two driving forces in thr teperance crusade | Womens Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) established in 1873, and Anti-Saloon League |
| Canidates in election of 1912 | Woodrow Wilson, Theodore Roosevelt, andilliam Howard Taft |
| square deal | fair and equal treatment for all |
| laissez-faire | "let people do as they choose |
| conservation | the protection andpreservation of natural resources |
| Progressive Party/Bull Moose Party | Party started by Theodore Roosevelt |
| New Freedom | Woodrow Willson criticized big goverment as well as big businesses |
| Booker T. Washington | Founder of the Tuskegee Institute in 1881, this taught African Americans farming and industrial skills |
| National Association for the advancement of Colored People (NAACP) | Du Bois and members of the Niagra Movement combined with other blacks and whites. this gained legal and economic equality for blacks, |
| Sherman Antitrust Act | first federal law to control trusts and monopolies |
| Interstate Commerce Act | 1887, required railroads to charge "reasonable and just" rates and t publish those rates |
| Interstate Commerce Commision | to supervise the railroad industry and, later, the trucking industry |
| Eugene V. Debs | Helped found the American Socialist Property in 1898. Won some support in the 1900's. |
