| A | B |
|---|
| Xiongnu | Large nomadic group from Northern Asia who may have been Huns |
| Analects of Confucius | A text of Confucius, aka Kun Fu-Tzu. Taught 5 Key relationships. Upper person must set a good example for and take care of those below them. Those below must be loyal and obey. Only friends are equal. Creates an orderly society. |
| Shang Civilization | 1750-1027 BCE, the earliest recorded dynasty. rise and success based on technology, especially bronze. Shang monopolized mines and employed craftsmen. Using well-armed military it extended control into NE China. Kings controlled surplus agriculture and a network of over 1,00 0towns. Built extensive and lavish tombs for emperors. Practiced ancestor worship; used oracle bones to divine future (contains early Chinese writing). |
| Legalism | Another of the philosophies from the "Hundred Schools of Thought" during the Warring States Period. Strict laws and harsh punishments lessen the number and severity of crimes. Noteable founders Shang Yang and Han Feizi. Gov't strength lies in its agriculture and military - therefore, these two areas demand the highest number of recruits; gov't should discourage other careers (merchants, educators and philosophers). *Community has a collective responsibility for the law - people should watch each other closely. *Used by the Qin dynasty, led by Shi Huangdi, to end the Warring States period. |
| Qin Shi Huang Di | r. 220-210 BCE Qin Dynasty's first emperor. Centralized various feudal kingdoms - ending the period of warring states. Standardized all the laws, currencies, weights, measures, and system of writing, refused to tolerate dissent. Infamous for killing competing scholars and burning books of opposing philosophers. Also instituted public works projects. including many roads, uniting various sections of the Great Wall and his own tomb with life size Terra Cotta Army. |
| Han Dynasty | c.200BCE to 460CE. An age of economic prosperity. Civil service based on teachings of Confucius instituted. Believe that those in gov't should be highly educated. A Golden Age in Chinese civilization. During which they developed paper making, an iron plow and seed drill, rudders to steer boats. |
| Silk Road | Controlled by the Chinese and ended in 220CE. Trade route spread goods, ideas (ex. Buddhism) from China all the way to the Mediterranean. Revived by the Mongols... which then spread the plague. |
| Great Wall | Made by the 13,171 miles long build to keep out nomadic groups. |
| Bronze Age | Near East, Europe and China... from c. 3,000 to 600 BCE (depending on the region); created by combining tin and copper to make weapons and more advanced tools... following the Neolithic Revolution. |
| Iron Age | Beginning as early as 1200 BCE in Middle East, follows the Bronze Age. In sub-Sahara Africa its spread is associated with the migration of Bantu Tribes. |
| Vedas | Oldest scriptures of Hinduism, 4 of them containing hymns sacred to Hindus, written beginning in c. 1150BCE. |
| Siddhartha Gautama | Buddha, 563-483 BCE. Teachings became the foundation of Buddhism. |
| Eightfold Path | Must be followed to end suffering which is have: Right Belief; Right Resolve; Right Speech; Right Behavior; Right Occupation; Right Effort; Right Contemplation; Right Meditation...Goal -Achieve Nirvana. |
| Four Noble Truths | Fundamental insight or Enlightenment of Buddha. Include nothing is permanent, all life involves suffering; desire causes suffering; eliminate desire and you will eliminate suffering. |
| Indian Ocean Trade | Controlled by monsoon winds it was dominated by various groups throughout history... Romans, Hindus/Buddhists, Muslims, Chinese, Portuguese, English... |
| Code of Hammurabi | Credited as a step forward in the legal code. It established a sense of justice by applying the law to nearly everyone. Laws were harsh and unequal - based on your social class. Ancient Sumer. |
| cuneiform | Developed by the Sumerians. A form of writing with a stylus and clay tablets. Scribes used it to make laws and treaties. |
| ziggurats | Terraced pyramids, to appease Sumerian Gods - prevent disasters - such as floods. |
| pyramids | Tombs of Pharaohs of Ancient Egypt. Demonstrates the belief in the afterlife, and the ability of Egyptians to produce surplus food to support specialized laborers and thousands more regular workers. |
| democracy | form of government which allows all eligible citizens to control the government. Ex. Ancient Athens or Britain after 1917. |
| Alexander the Great | 356 to 323 BCE. He was taught by Aristototle and widely expanded Macedonian dominance conquering Persian empire, and all the way to the Indus river and into Egypt. He spread Greek culture and combined it with ideas from other territories - making them Hellenistic (Greek like). Upon his death the empire is divided into 3 parts. |
| Hellenism | Greek like - it begins with the conquests of Alexander the Great who thought Greek, Middle Eastern, and Egyptian culture and knowledge of Greeks with those they conquered. Center of culture was Alexandria, Egypt. |
| Roman Republic | (c509 BCE to 27BCE. Had a Constitution with a Senate; Assembly of the Centuries; plebeian council and executive magistrates. Republic today refers to democracy in which you elect representatives to government. |
| Roman Senate | A key part of the Roman Republic and Empire - though its power was decreased under the emperor's and very minimal after the division by Diocletian. |
| Roman Pax Romana | The Roman Peace lasted from 20BCE to 180AD. Held together by Roads, 1 government and 1 emperor. Known for fair law codes which allowed for local customs. |
| Twelve Tables | Begun in Ancient Rome and written down to create the idea of innocent until proven guilty; allowed equality; protecting right. Applied to conquered territories. |
| Gothic Migration | Germanic tribes that invaded and helped bring down the Roman Empire. Overthrew the last Roman Emperor in 476AD in the West. The East will last for another 1,000 years. |
| The Huns | Group of nomadic people who live in Eastern Europe and Central Asia from 1st to 7th century. Associated with beginning the Great migration of Germanic Tribes, including that of their own group led by Atilla the Hun. |
| The Torah | Holy Text of Judaism along with the Talmud. |
| Jewish Diaspora | Jews forced out of Jerusalem after 3rd rebellion agains the Romans based on their belief that God gave them the land..the are the Chosen people. Romans force the Jews out and dispersed them through out the empire. c. 70CE |
| Byzantium | Remaining half of the Roman Empire. After Rome fell centered around Constantinople. Center of Orthodox Church in 1054 split with Catholic. Preserved Greek and Roman history. Emperor Justinian organized / codified Roman Law. Defeated 1476 by Ottoman Turks. |
