| A | B |
|---|
| Glucagon | Protein hormone secreted by pancreatic endocrine cells that raises blood glucose levels; an antagonistic hormone to insulin |
| Glucose Tolerance Test | A test of the body's ability to metabolize glucose that involves the administration of a measured dose of glucose to the fasting stomach and the determination of blood glucose levels in the blood or urine at intervals thereafter and that is used especially to detect diabetes |
| Homeostasis | The maintenance of relatively stable internal physiological conditions (As body temperature or the pH of blood) in higher animals under fluctuating environmental conditions |
| Hormone | A product of living cells that circulates in blood and produces specific, often stimulatory, effect on the activity of cells that are often far from the source of the hormone. A chemical messenger. |
| Insulin | A protein hormone secreated by the pancreas that is essential for the metabolism of carbohydrates and the regulation of glucose levels in the blood |
| Negative feedback | Primary mechanism of homeostasis, whereby a change in a physiological variable that is being monitored triggers a response that counteracts the intial fluctuation. The body tries to maintain a set point. |
| Positive feedback | A mechnism of homeostasis that tends to magnify a process or increase its output |
| Type 1 Diabetes | A form of diabetes that usually develops during childhood or adolescence and is characterized by a severe deficiency of insulin, leading to high blood glucose levels. |
| Type 2 Diabetes | Form of diabetes that develops especially in adults and most often obese individuals. It is a characterized by a high blood glucose resulting from impaired insulin utilization coupled with the body's inability to compensate with increase insulin production. |
