| A | B |
|---|
| phonology | study of sounds and sound patterns of a language |
| phoneme | smallest linguistic unit of sound that can signal a difference in meaning |
| morphology | the study of meaning units of a language |
| orthography | the study of sound and spelling (letter=sound) |
| morpheme | the smallest unit of meaning |
| bound morpheme | must be attached to a root word to have meaning. Suffixes & prefixes. |
| free morpheme | base in root words that can stand alone. |
| syntax | grammar-governs the form or structure of a language, what word combinations are acceptable. |
| pragmatics | the way language is used to communicate.how,why,when,where, social register appropriate |
| linguistics | the study of language |
| phonetics | the study of sounds across all languages |
| discourse | written or spoken communication |
| fossilization | the point past which language learners can not progress without exceptional effort |
| semantics | the study of word meanings,idioms, and non-literal expressions |
| homophones | two word with the same pronunciation(here,hear) |
| number agreement | using singular/plural form of nouns correctly |
| register | the type of language in a particular context(casual,professions |
| idiom | a phrase that makes no sense taken literally. It is raining cats and dogs. |
| code switching | alternating between 2 or more languages(Spanglish) |
| negative transfer | applying rules of syntax from first language to second language(I saw the car blue. Spanish adjectives follow nouns) |
| silent period | understanding language before being able to produce. The first state of language acquisition |
| Learning/Acquisition Hypothesis | learning is a conscious process;acquisition is a subconscious process. "Learned" lang is quickly forgotten |
| Natural Order Hypothesis | features of speech appear in a predictable order. order is determined by the language acquired, not the first language. |
| Monitor Hypothesis | internal error-detecting mechanism that causes the learner to "double-check: his own language |
| Input Hypothesis | the language that the learner should hear and see should be comprehensible to the learner |
| Affective Filter Hypothesis | nervousness, boredom, and anxiety have a negative affect on comprehension |
| BICS | social language |
| CALP | academic language |
| L1 | native language |
| L2 | secondary language |
| accent | distinctive mode of pronunciation of a language, usually associated with a locality or region |
| dialect | a specific form of a language that is peculiar to a specifc region or social group |
| grapholect | standard form of a written language |
| silent period | pre-production stage of language development |
