| A | B |
|---|
| aesthetics | what people in a culture consider beautiful |
| subculture | a smaller group or subset within a larger culture |
| religion | the most common faith or belief system in an area and people's tolerance of other religions |
| orientation | this value dimension describes how every society has to maintain some links with its own past while dealing with the challenges of the present and future |
| indulgence | this Hofstede value dimension is defined as the extent to which people try to control their desires and impulses |
| homogeneous | a culture in which one group of people is dominant in the population |
| heterogeneous | a culture where there are many different groups of people |
| uncertainty avoidance | Hofstede's value dimension that deals with a society’s tolerance for unambiguity; it ultimately refers to man’s search for truth |
| educational systems | this social institution involves access to and type of schooling |
| religious organizations | this social institution has a major impact on the legal system in many cultures |
| gender roles | traditionally, most societies were patriarchal because of this social institution |
| class system | a universal phenomenon denoting a category or group of people having a definite status in society which permanently determines their relation to other groups |
| degrees of mobility | this social institution revolves around where people live and how easily they can move to live in different places |
| culture shock | a reaction that newcomers to a culture may experience |
| cultural baggage | a set of cultural attitudes that include the beliefs, values, and assumptions that people carry with them throughout life |
| cultural bias | a preconceived attitude of favoring or disliking a particular culture |
| stereotyping | the practice of identifying a person or group by a single trait |
| culture | the set of beliefs, customs, and attitudes of a distinct group of people |
| economic philosophy | prevailing ideas of what an economy should be, whether it is free enterprise, socialism, or some other form |
| materialism | views of what constitutes material wealth, and the importance of it |
| education | approaches to teaching, including what is taught and how it is taught |
| language | the native language(s) as well as dialects and slang |
| customs | rituals performed in various settings, including celebrations of religious holidays, and political holidays |
| political philosophy | the prevailing views regarding how people believe they should be governed |
| social institutions | the official and unofficial practices of a country or region, including those that affect marriage, divorce, the status of women, and social standing |
| values | strongly held concepts that are present in a culture |
| norms | social rules that affect behaviors and actions, and represent cultural values |
| folkways | cultural customs that dictate how people act socially; the absence of them would not cause major repercussions |
| mores | cultural customs that dictate how people act socially; going against them generally causes major repercussions |
| role | a part a person plays in a social situation |
| power distance | the value dimension of culture developed by Hofstede that measures the extent to which the less powerful members of organizations and institutions (like the family) accept and expect that power is distributed unequally |
| individualism | the value dimension develolped by Hofstede that looks at the degree to which individuals are integrated into groups |
| cross-cultural literacy | understanding how cultural differences can affect the way in which a business is practiced |
| ethnocentrism | the belief that one's own culture is better than other cultures |
| masculinity | Hofstede's value dimension that refers to the distribution of roles between the genders |
| attitudes and beliefs | commonly held views of persons, objects, and ideas |
