| A | B |
|---|
| stocks | a share in a company's profit |
| stock-market | where stocks are bought and sold |
| buying on margin | buying stocks on credit by putting down only 10% to buy stock |
| Stock Market Crash | when prices of stocks dropped drastically |
| "Bull Market" | when stock prices (and profits for investors) are rising |
| "Bear Market" | when stock prices (and profits for investors) are dropping |
| Herbert Hoover | Republican President from 1928 - 1932; believed that the government should not interfere with the economy (laissez-faire) |
| "laissez - faire" | "hands-off" meaning that the government should not interfere with businesses and the economy |
| Hoovervilles | tent and shack villages built by homeless people during the Great Depression |
| over-production | when factories and farmers produced more than what consumers could buy |
| tariff | tax on imports |
| "Dust-Bowl" | nickname for Great Plains during the Great Depression because of sever drought conditions |
| migratory workers | people who moved around from place to place in search of work |
| Franklin D. Roosevelt | Democratic President from 1932 - 1945; believed that the power of the federal government should be used to help Americans and to regulate the economy (activist government) |
| the "New Deal" | FDR's plan to use the power of the federal government to end the Depression and reform the economy |
| Relief | temporary/short-term solutions in an emergency situation; New Deal measures aimed at relieving the suffering of Americans |
| Recovery | to get better; New Deal measures aimed at creating jobs and passing laws to regulate prices |
| Reform | to make better; New Deal measures aimed at fixing the problems that led to the Great Depression |
| Activist Government | a government that plays an active role in regulating the economy in order to help the people |
| Civilian Conservation Corps | provided relief by giving young people jobs, such as planting trees, cleaning up forests, and draining swamps |
| Public Works Administration | provided relief by giving people jobs building public works projects such as schools, courthouses, roads, post offices, and bridges |
| National Recovery Administration | promoted recovery by drawing up codes for businesses which set prices, limits on production, a reduced work week and a minimum wage. later declared unconstitutional by Supreme Court |
| Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation | aimed at reforming economy by insuring bank deposits |
| Social Security Act | insured Americans against unemployment and provided them with limited retirement benefits |
| "fireside chats" | FDR's weekly radio addresses to the American people in which he reassured and comforted them |
| court-packing plan | when FDR proposed that he could appoint more Judges to the Supreme Court so that his appointees would control the court |
| liberal | one who favors government action to bring about social and economic reform |
| conservative | one who favors fewer goverment controls and more individual freedom in economic matters |
| supply and demand | q |
| trickle-down | government helps those at the top |
| pump-priming | government helps those at the bottom |
| 'wealth gap' | the gap between rich and poor |
| debt | an amount of money that you owe to a person, bank, company, etc. |
| deficient spending | the government spending more money than it takes in |
| bankrupt | the condition of being unable to pay one's debts; one's property is sold to pay those to whom one owes money |
| soup kitchen | is a place where food is offered to the hungry for free |
| public works | projects such as highways, parks and libraries built with public funds for pubic use |
| Bonus Army | Bonus Army camps [Credit: Stock footage courtesy The WPA Film Library]gathering of 12,000 to 15,000 World War I veterans who, with their wives and children, converged on Washington, D.C., in 1932, demanding immediate bonus payment for wartime services |
| Black Tuesday | October 29th, 1929. This is the date of the most famous stock market crash in history. The date is considered the beginning of the Great Depression. |
| bank holiday | A day on which banks are legally closed. |
| polio | viral infection that can lead to paralysis, breathing problems, or even death. FDR had this as a child which paralyed his legs. |
| checks and balances | three branches of government, This system was built so that no one branch of our government could become too powerful. |
