| A | B |
|---|
| Act of Parliament | Law passed by parliament |
| Apprentice | Someone who is learning a trade. |
| Armada | A large fleet of ships |
| Bawn | Fortified courtyard which usually contained a castle or manor house. |
| Cavalier | Supporter of Charles I during the English Civil War. |
| Chieftain | Leader of a group or clan |
| Civil War | War between opposing groups in the same country. |
| Colonist | Member of a colony |
| Colony | A group of people who settle in another country far from their own, but who keep close ties with their homeland. |
| Commonwealth | Republic set up in England after Charles I's death in 1649. |
| Conspiracy | Secret plan to carry out an illegal action. |
| Constitutional monarch | A king or queen who agrees to share power with parliament. |
| Counter-Reformation | Attempt by the Roman Catholic Church to stop the spread of the Protestant Reformation. |
| Divine Right | The belief by a king or queen that he or she had been appointed by God to rule. |
| Empire | A number of countries or territories ruled by another powerful country. |
| Gaelic | The language of the Celts in Ireland and Scotland. |
| Galleon | A large sailing ship often used as a warship. |
| Glorious Revolution | A revolution which took place in 1688. The King of England, James II, was replaced by his daughter, Mary, and her husband, William of Orange. |
| Government | A group or assembly of people who decide how the country shall be run. |
| Heretic | A person who refuses to accept the official teaching of the church. |
| Jacobite | A supporter of King James II |
| Loyal Irish | Irish landowners who were given back some of their lands during the plantations in Ireland. |
| Martyr | A person who dies rather than change their religion or belief. |
| Monarch | King or Queen |
| Monarchy | A country which is ruled by a king or queen. |
| Musket | Long-barelled, muzzle-loading shoulder gun. |
| Mutiny | Rebellion by sailors or soldiers. |
| New Model Army | An army set up by Parliament during the Civil War. |
| New World | Term used by Europeans to describe the newly discovered Americas. |
| Nonconformist | A member of the Protestant church who refused to worship in the manner set down by the Church of England. |
| Old English | Irish Catholic landowners who were descendants of the Anglo-Normans. |
| Papist | Term for a Roman Catholic. Often used as an insult. |
| Parliament | Assembly of elected representatives who make laws for the country. |
| Penal Laws | Laws passed by the Irish parliament to punish Irish Catholics, after the Williamite victory in Ireland. |
| Plantation | The settling of English and Scottish people in Ireland. These people took over some of the lands of the native Irish people. |
| Planters | English and Scottish people who were granted land during the Plantations in Ireland. |
| Pope | The Bishop of Rome who is head of the Roman Catholic Church. |
| Presbyterian | A member of a Protestant church which is ruled by elders who are elected by the congregation. |
| Propaganda | Information giving only one point of view; often put out by a government or organisation in order to win support. |
| Protectorate | The name given to the period when Oliver and Richard Cromwell ruled England, from 1653-1659. |
| Protestant | A member of the Protestant church. They were called Protestant because they protested against the Roman Catholic Church |
| Puritan | An English Protestant who wanted to change the Church of England, which they believed was still much like the Roman Catholic Church. |
| Rebellion | An organised rising against the king, queen or government. |
| Reformation | Name given to the time when protests against some of the teachings and practices of the Roman Catholic Church led to the setting up of the Protestant Church. |
| Renaissance | The name given to the time when there was a rebirth of new ideas as people discovered more about themselves and the world they lived in. It began in Italy in the 14th century, and spread across Europe. |
| Republic | A country which is not ruled by a king or queen. |
| Restoration | The re-establishment of the English monarchy when Charles II was crowned King of England in 1660. |
| Revolution | The overthrow of a king, queen or government. |
| Roundhead | A supporter of Parliament against Charles I during the English Civil War. |
| Royalist | Supporter of the King during the English Civil War. |
| Settler | A person who settles in a new country or colony. |
| Siege | Surrounding a castle or town to try to starve the inhabitants into surrender. |
| Stuart | The royal family who ruled Scotland from 1371 to 1714, and England from 1603 to 1714. |
| Tenant | A person who rents a house or land from a landlord. |
| Traitor | A person who betrays his or her country. |
| Treason | The act of plotting against the king, queen or government. |
| Treaty | An agreement between countries, usually made to resolve a conflict. |
| Tudor | Royal family who ruled England between 1485 & 1603. Descendants of Henry Tudor, a Welsh nobleman, who became king in 1485. |
| Undertaker | A person who was granted land in the Plantation of Ulster and who undertook to plant the land with English and Scottish settlers. |
| Virginia | A place where a group of merchants set up the first permanent colony in North America. |
| Wild Geese | Name given to people who fled from Ireland after the Williamite Wars. |
| Williamite Wars | The name given to the wars in Ireland between James II and William of Orange, from 1688 - 1691. |
| Williamite | A supporter of King William of Orange. |
| Woodkerne | Irish outlaws who lived in the forests. |
